包头师范学院计算机辅助教学语言课件Unit4 Using Technology to Teach Listening Skills.ppt

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包头师范学院计算机辅助教学语言课件Unit4 Using Technology to Teach Listening Skills.ppt

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Principles and Pedagogical Implicationof TPR Principles Pedagogical implications 3. TPR lowers students affective filter and stress level. a. Teachers ask students to listen only but not to give an oral response. * 视听法（Audio Video Method）又称情景教学法（The Situational Approach）交际法交际法(Communicative Approach)也叫功能法(Functional Approach)或意念法(Notional Approach) * * Monitor Hypothesis 1. [语言学] 监控假设 Affective Filter Hypothesis 1. [语言学] 情感过滤假设 Introduction ? The Natural Approach was developed by Tracy Terrell and Stephen Krashen, starting in 1977. It came to have a wide influence in language teaching in the United States and around the world. ? Approach ? Theory of language ? The Communicative view of language is the view behind the Natural Approach. Particular emphasis is laid on language as a set of messages that can be understood. ? Theory of learning ? The Natural Approach is based on the following tenets: ? Language acquisition (an unconscious process developed through using language meaningfully) is different from language learning (consciously learning or discovering rules about a language) and language acquisition is the only way competence in a second language occurs. (The acquisition/learning hypothesis) Conscious learning operates only as a monitor or editor that checks or repairs the output of what has been acquired. (The monitor hypothesis) Grammatical structures are acquired in a predictable order and it does little good to try to learn them in another order.(The natural order hypothesis). People acquire language best from messages that are just slightly beyond their current competence. (The input hypothesis) The learners emotional state can act as a filter that impedes or blocks input necessary to acquisition. (The affective filter hypothesis) ? Design ? Objectives ? Here are some of the objectives of the Natural Approach ? it is designed to help beginner become intermediates It is designed to depend on learner needs ? The syllabus ? The syllabus