华北水利水电大学信息工程学院计算机网络课件 Lecture14.pptVIP

ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol used by hosts, routers, gateways to communication network-level information error reporting: unreachable host, network, port, protocol echo request/reply (used by ping) network-layer “above” IP: ICMP msgs carried in IP datagrams ICMP message: type, code plus first 8 bytes of IP datagram causing error Routing in the Internet The Global Internet consists of Autonomous Systems (AS) interconnected with each other: Stub AS: small corporation Multihomed AS: large corporation (no transit) Transit AS: provider Two level routing: Intra