【含7套高考模拟卷】高考英语语法精讲精练精析-情态动词和虚拟语气.docVIP

专题十一　情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词 一、定义 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 二、特点 1．有一定词义； 2．不受主语人称和数的变化影响； 3．与主要动词的原形(或称不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除ought to作固定词组看待)。 情态动词无人称和数的变化， 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式， 过去式用来表达更加客气， 委婉的语气， 时态性不强， 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。 三、用法 1．can (could) Everyone here can speak English. (表能力) He cant / couldnt have seen her there. (表猜测) He could have gone home. (表猜测) Could / Can I use your pen? Yes, of course you can. (表允许) How can you be so careless? (表怀疑、惊异，主要用于否定、疑问句) Can / Could you lend me a hand? (表委婉发表观点) 2．may (might) You may take whatever you like.(表允许，证据更委婉) 注：在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont. / Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免显得太严谨或不客气。 They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. (表可能) 3．must You must buy a ticket. (表义务，意为“必须”) 注：回答Must...? 引出的问句时，肯定回答用must; 否定回答不能用mustnt, 而要用neednt或dont have to。 —Must I finish my homework now? —Yes, you must.(No, you neednt / dont have to.) This must be Lucys. (表猜测，意为“想必；准是；一定”等，用于肯定) “must have ＋ 过去分词”表示“想必”之意，表示对过去的事情的推测。 4．shall Shall I play soccer after supper? May I play soccer after supper? If you dont behave yourself, you shall be punished. 5．will I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 (表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句) Will you give me a cigarette? Or I will tell the boss.(表请求，用于疑问句) She will stand there sleeping for hours. (表示某种倾向或习惯性动作) 6．should You shouldnt be so careless. (表义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称) They should have arrived in Beijing by this time. (表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等) It is simply a miracle that rice should grow in such a place. (表示语气较强的意为“假设；万一；竟然”) 7．would I said I would do anything for you. (表意愿) Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus stop? (表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法) When he had a problem to solve, he would work at it until he found an answer. (表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向) 8．ought to I really ought to phone my mother.(表义务，意为“应该”，口气比should稍重) Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine d