马克思自由观的生存方式解析-哲学 马克思主义哲学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 自由是人类有史以来一直关注的最重要问题之一，马克思以具有历史维度和 未来性特质的“人类社会或社会化了的人类’’作为其理论的出发点和最终落脚点， 以实践这一“批判的武器贯穿其自由观的始终。马克思从人的社会关系规定出 发来揭示自由的真义，认为人是社会存在物，这是人与动植物等其它自然物种的 实质性差别所在。自然界是人成为对象性存在物的物质基础，只有立足于人的活 动及其条件才能体现人之为人的存在，经济的、政治的等社会关系决定了人的存 在样态，自由是处于一定社会关系下的人的自由，社会关系的改变与自由的发展 具有内在的一致性，“现实的个人”成为马克思自由观的立足点。深刻把握马克 思的实践意蕴是正确理解其自由观的关键，实践是人类自由得以生成的前提和基 础，人本身及其社会存在的基础在于人的物质生产实践活动，没有社会的物质实 践活动就不可能有人类的自由，人类自由的丰富与变迁依赖于实践活动的深化与 拓展。自由的实现与确证有赖于对客观必然性的认识和把握，更离不开人类主体 认识水平和实践能力的提升。自由是一个随着社会的发展而逐步推进的过程，每 一种社会形态下个人存在的基本方式和自由的发展水平都是不同的。 关键字：马克思自由社会关系实践社会形态 AbstractSince Abstract Since the dawn of human civilization，freedom is one of the most important problems．Marx takes“human society or socialized mankind’’ on the Historical dimension and future trait as the starting point and the ultimate purpose of his theory,and the train of thought practices—·”the critical weapons¨runs through modem his freedom viewpoint．Marx discloses the true senses of viewpoint of freedom from the regulation in human’S social relationships，which is also the substantial difference between person and other natural species such as animals and plants．The natural world is the material base for human being becoming the existential thing with object，and only standing on man’s activity and its conditions can people comprehend that why man is man．It is social relationships(including economic and political relationships，etc．)that decide the human’S existent pattern．Individual’S freedom is in certain social relationships，SO the development of freedom and changes in social relationships have inherent consistency,while the basic stand of the theory of freedom about Marx exists inrealistic individual”．The key to grasp his freedom viewpoint is a profound understanding of Marx’S practical implications，regarding practice as the premise and foundation of human’S freedom becoming reality,and the base for individual and its society exists in human’S material produce while without it there is no II human’S human’S freedom，and the enrichment and cha