马克思异化概念探析-马克思主义哲学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

马克思异化概念探析摘要 马克思异化概念探析 摘要 马克思异化概念吸收和借鉴了以往哲学家尤其是德国古典哲学家黑格尔、 费尔巴哈的研究。但马克思的异化概念不论是其主体还是其内容，都于他们相 去甚远。马克思的异化概念，其主体是本质表现实践活动的“现实的人”；其内 容就是人的劳动本身。这样，马克思的异化概念与人的本质问题密切相关，有 着深刻的人性基础。人是马克思异化概念的着眼点，人的矛盾性是异化概念的 发端，人的本质的实现是异化的扬弃。而现实的人的本质及其实现都离不开最 基本的实践活动——生产劳动。马克思以商品经济为主要经济形态的资本主义 社会为对象，通过对高度发达的社会分工和私有制的存在揭示了劳动被异化的 直接原因。于是，消除分工和私有制也是扬弃异化的关键所在。马克思的异化 概念不仅仅指向劳动的异化，而且涵盖了更加广泛的领域，拜物教、政治国家、 意识形态都是异化在社会各个不同领域的体现。同时，马克思从人的发展过程 的三个基本的历史阶段说明资本主义社会处于第二大阶段：人摆脱了宗法、血 缘的束缚，但是又进入到物的束缚之中这就是资本主义的异化现象。但是，这 一阶段必然要被体现人全面发展的共产主义社会所代替。这样，在马克思的异 化概念中既体现了异化产生、发展消亡的历史必然性，也体现了要彰显人的全 部本质的内在的道德因素。 关键词：异化概念，人的本质，劳动，分工，私有制 ON ON THR MARX’S CONCEPT OF AL l ENAT 1 0N ABSTRACT Marx’S concept of alienation absorbs and draws upon fruits from Hegel and Feuerbach．However,the subject and content of Marx’S concept of alienation is ocean apart from the concept of Hegel and Feurebach．The subject of Marx’S Alienation is human nature and the content of Marx’S Alienation is the labor．Thus，the concept is closely related to the nature of human．Human is the starting point of Marx’S concept of alienation．The nature of human can not be separated from the basic practice_一 labor process．Through the analysis of highly advanced division of labor in society， Marx targets at capitalism society in order to reveal the direct reason of alienation． Thus，to eliminate the division of labor and private ownership is the key of eliminating alienation．Marx’S concept of alienation is not only about the alienated labor but also includes fetishism，the political state and ideology．Meanwhile，Marx explains that capitalism society is in the second stage of three basic historical stages of human development．Human being breaks away from the constraint of patriarchal clan system and blood relationship but enters the constraint of obj ect．This is the alienation of capitalism society．However,this stage must be replaced by the third stag卜the fully developed communist society．In this manner,the Marx’S concept of alienation reflects both the historical inev