抗日战争时期宪政运动述评-马克思主义理论与思想政治教育专业毕业论文.docxVIP

西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1页 摘要 宪政是指宪法条文得以在现实的生活中实施的状态，其核心是保障公民的 基本权利。抗战时期的宪政运动也是以此为目标。抗日战争时期的宪政运动， 是国内三种政治力量围绕抗日与民主问题的斗争，各党派、各阶层民主力量要 求国民党放弃一党专制，实行宪政，而国民党则以抗战为由，坚持集权统治。 国民党的集权与社会上的民主宪政运动均达到了前所未有的程度，但由于处于 抗战的特殊历史条件下，争民主的宪政运动未能取得突破性进展。然而，抗战 时期中国共产党实行了新的政策，建立了广泛的抗日民族统一战线。一方恧它 积极推动宪政运动，向国民党要求政治民主；另一方面，它提出新民主主义理 论，并在自己的统治区内，开始实施无产阶级领导的新民主主义宪政。民主选 举；“三三制”政权；保障人权；各级公务员廉洁从政、为人民服务的民主作风 等，中共在抗日根据地的民主政治实践顺应了全国人民建立民主政治的呼声。 因此，战时国共两党在民主宪政问题上的得失，昭示了未来中国的基本走向， 也为中国的民主政治建设提供了借鉴之资。 关键词：抗日战争时期 宪政运动 中国共产党 国民党 中间党派 新民主主义宪政 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1I页 Abstract Constitutionalism refers to a state of fulfillment of rules and regularions of the oonstitation in real life．It is designed chiefly to regulate the government and maintain human rights，the two sides of a coin．These were also the aim of the movement of constitutional politics during the war of resistance against Japanese aggression．As．far as this paper is concerned，this movement involves three political powers in China who differed on the issue of fighting against Japan and the issue of democracy．The various parties and democratic forces at a11 levels called for the aholition of the one—party dictatorshiP of KMT and implementation of constitutional politics．The KMT，however，insisted on its totalitarian rule under the pretext of the Anti—Japan War．Both the totalitarian system and the democratic and constitutional movement in the SOCietY were unDrecedented． Yet for the sake of the general situation of China，both sides stopped short of total split。Thus no key breakthroughs were achieyed in this campaign． Nevertheless，the cruel anti-Japan war made the Communist Party of China adopt new policies．On the one side，it tried hard to demand politieal democracy from the KMT， and such democracy was of course one of the western style．On the other side，it came up with the new democracy theory，and began to implement， within its area of administration，the new democratic constituti