第十七章治疗中枢退行性疾病的药物.PPT

Components of Basal Ganglia 1. Components of Basal Ganglia 1. Caudate Nucleus (尾状核） 2. Putamen (壳核） 3.Globus Pallidus (GP) （苍白球，旧纹状体） 4. Substantia Nigra （黑质） Pars Compacta (SNc) (致密部） Pars Reticulata (SNr) （网状部） 5. Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) (丘脑底核） 2. Medium spiny neuron in striatum (MSN,中型多棘神经元) 1) MSN is the main efferent neurons in striatum; 2) MSN的传入: Glu neurons in cortex DA neurons in SNc GABA neurons in striatum Ach neurons in striatum 3)MSN dendrite compose efferent system, with GABA as the neurotransmitter. 4)Two types of DA receptors on MSN:D1 and D2-R: D1-R : enhance direct pathway → GPi（苍白球内侧部） D2-R : inhibit indirect pathway → GPe （苍白球外侧部） 3.Circuit related with the Basal ganglia’s function in the control of movement  1) direct pathway（直接通路）: 在该通路, 当新纹状体活动↑→皮层活动↑, 产生去抑制(disinhibition)现象 2) indirect pathway (间接通路): ∵在该通路,新纹状体活动↑→皮层活动↓。 ∴此通路部分抵消直接通路对皮层的兴奋作用 4.Diseases related with dysfunction of Basal ganglia Parkinson disease Hutington’s disease (Chorea) CNS degenerative disease Alzheimer’s disease (AD,阿尔茨海默病) Parkinson’s disease (PD,帕金森病) Huntington disease (HD,亨廷顿病) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, 肌萎缩侧索硬化症) Parkinson’s Disease History First described in 1817 by an English physician, James Parkinson, in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy.” “paralysis agitans” (震颤麻痹) Parkinson’s Disease History The famous French neurologist, Charcot, further described the syndrome in 1868 (rigidity)named ”Parkinson disease”. 1919: 确定病变部位主要在黑质 1960: 发现与黑质纹状体中DA含量显著降低有关 Parkinson’s Disease (PD)-Symptoms 1. Resting tremor (静止震颤) 2. Bradykinesia (运动迟缓) 3. Rigidity (肌肉强直) 4. Ataxia (共济失调) Parkinson’s Disease (PD)-Symptoms 5. Others Abnormality of posture and gait Handwriting Memory impairment, confusion, disorientation Cognitive deficits Depression From 1997, April 11th w