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翻译 6 Lateral buckling of beams 6.1 Introduction In the discussion given in Chapter 5 of the in-plane behaviour of beams, it was assumed that when a beam is loaded in its stiffer principal plane, it deflects only in that plane. If the beam does not have sufficient lateral stiffness or lateral support to ensure that this is so, then it may buckle out of the plane of loading, as shown in Fig. 6.1. The load at which this buckling occurs may be substantially less than the beams in-plane load carrying capacity, as indicated in Fig. 6.2. 6.梁的侧面翘曲 6.1 说明 在第五章关于梁的平面内性能的讨论中，假定梁按刚性主平面放置时，梁仅在该平面内倾斜。如果梁没有足够的侧向刚度或侧面支撑，梁会发生平面外屈曲，如图6.1所示。如图6.2所示，当发生平面外屈曲时梁的承载能力会大大减小。 For an idealized perfectly straight elastic beam, there are no out-of-plane deformations until the applied moment M reaches the elastic buckling moment M0b, when the beam buckles by deflecting laterally and twisting, as shown in Fig. 6.1. These two deformations are interdependent: when the beam deflects laterally, the applied moment has a component which exerts a torque about the deflected longitudinal axis which causes the beam to twist. This behaviour, which is important for long unrestrained I-beams whose resistances to lateral bending and torsion are low, is called elastic flexural-torsional buckling. 作为一个理想的弹性直梁，当施加弯矩达到弹性屈曲弯矩时，梁才会发生侧向弯曲和扭转变形，发生平面外屈曲，如图6.1所示。这两种变形是相互联系的：当梁侧向倾斜时，所承受的弯矩会对侧向梁轴产生扭矩并引起梁扭转。这种特性，对于抵抗侧向弯曲和扭转能力差的无限制I形梁来说很重要，被成为弯扭屈曲。 The failure of a perfectly straight slender beam is initiated when the addi-tional stresses induced by elastic buckling cause first yield. However, a per-fectly straight beam of intermediate slenderness may yield before the elastic buckling moment is reached, because of the combined effects of the in-plane bending stresses and any residual stresses, and may subsequently buckle in- elastically, as indicated in Fig. 6.2. For very stocky beams, the inelastic buckling moment may be higher than the in-plane plastic collapse moment in which case the moment capacity of the beam is not