并网发电模拟装置设计毕业设计说明书.doc

PAGE 编号： 毕业设计说明书 题 目： 并网发电模拟装置设计 √题目类型： 理论研究 实验研究 工程设计 工程技术研究 软件开发 √ 摘 要 随着石化资源是日益枯竭和环境的持续恶化，人们把目光投向了可再生绿色能源。相对于风能、潮汐能、生物能、地热能等可再生绿色能源光伏发电具有独特的优势。其可以作为独立电源供电，也可以并网发电，具有很高的灵活性。 从光伏产业背景调查可知，我国是世界最大的光伏电池生产国已占全球总产量的三分之一。而我国2009年的太阳能电池的安装量只有160MWp，仅占全国当年产量的4%，仅占全球当年安装量的2.4%。截止到2009年底，我国光伏发电累计装机容量也只有300MW。说明我国光伏发电还处于初始阶段，光伏并网发电技术研究开发极具意义和经济价值。 本文同时也介绍了光伏并网发电的发展现状、关键技术和研究热点。讨论研究了功率变换电路的拓扑形式，并且根据实际情况，本文选择了带变压器的采用单级隔离式结构。对于控制技术的研究是本文的重点。通过对相位跟踪方法的研究，最终采用软件锁相环技术来进行并网相位跟踪控制；采用等面积算法实现SPWM控制；分析了多种最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）方法，着重分析了扰动观察法的算法；同时,并应用数字采样实现逆变器欠压、过流保护。 最后，根据以上的研究工作，设计制作了基于AVR 单片机控制的光伏发并网电样机以验证上述理论的正确性，为进一步研究打下基础。 关键字： SPWM控制；逆变电路；MPPT控制；锁相环；光伏发电 Abstract With the increasing depletion of fossil resources and the environment continued to deteriorate, it sights on renewable green energy. Compared with tidal energy, biomass, geothermal and other renewable energy photovoltaic Green has unique advantages. It can be used as an independent power supply and power generation can have high flexibility. Background checks from the PV industry ,it can see that, China is the worlds largest producer of photovoltaic cells accounted for one third of global production, while China to install solar cells is only 160MWp, only 4% of the national output of the year, only the worlds current installed capacity of 2.4% in 2009. As of the end of 2009, Chinas total installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation is only 300MW. Shows that China is still in the initial stages of photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power generation technology research and development of great significance and economic value. This peper is reviewed the development history of grid conneted photovoltaic power generation,the key technologies and the researchful focuses of grid connected photovoltaic generator.Then the topologiesof grid-connected inverter are studied,and the topology of single-stage withtransformer is chosen,based on the factual circs. The key point of this paper is