温度控制系统设计学士毕业论文.doc

PAGE 摘 要 本系统以单片机为核心，采用热电偶和DS18B20分别对高温大范围、低温小范围进行温度的测量，通过控制晶闸管的通断进而控制加热丝的加热，另外，能使加热丝保持在所设定的温度，温度值大概是从0到1000℃。整个测温或者是加热过程中的温度值通过四个数码管实时显示。 单片机采用的是ATMEL公司的AT89C51， AT89C51是一种高效微控制器，AT89C系列的单片机为很多嵌入式控制系统提供了一种灵活性高且价廉的方案。整个系统的大致工作过程为：从热电偶过来的低电压信号经过放大和特殊的曲线补偿电路，进而产生可用的模拟信号。AD转换采用的是TLC1543，此模数转换芯片具有10位高分辨率、快速、易于和单片机接口等特点，它用于将模拟信号转化为数字信号，这些数字信号送往单片机，经过单片机的分析、比较和处理，然后输出，其一是在数码管上显示温度值，其二是控制晶闸管的通断进而确定是否对加热丝进行加热。此时热电偶仍用于测量温度值，并通过上述过程最终以数字信号送入单片机，再经过单片机的一系列处理，输出控制加热丝的加热，从而实现加热丝的温度保持恒定。 关键词：温度采集； 信号整理； 单片机； 恒温控制 Abstract The core of the system is single-chip microcomputer, both thermocouple and DS18B20 can used to measur temperature ,but the former used in a wide range of high-temperature,the latter used in a small-scale of low-temperature,by controlling the thyristor to control the electric wire,and can keep it in a set temperature,which is prlbably the degrees from 0 to 1000 Single-chip microcomputer is the AT89C51 which made by ATMEL Corporation, the AT89C51 is a highly efficient microcontroller,AT89C series of single-chip embedded control system provide for many flexible and inexpensive programs.the low-voltage single from thermocouple pass through amplification and special compensation circuitry,then it can be used to generate the analog signal, AD converter is used by TLC1543, this analog-to-digital converter chip has many features,such as 10-bit high-resolution,fastly and easily connect to MCU.and it used to transform analog signal into digital signal which is sent to microcontroller,after a single-chip analysis,comparison and processing,then output, one of which is shown in the digital tube,the other is to control the thyristor turn-off to determine whether the electric wire should be heated.At this point thermocouple used to measure temperature and finally the value of the temperture is sent to single-chip by means of digital signal,and then through a series of single-chip processing, the output control electric heating wire,in order to make electric wire achieve cons