生物资源面临的严重威胁生物多样性丧失-资源科学.PDF

24 卷第 2 期 资 　源 　科 　学 Vol. 24 ,No. 2 2002 年 3 月 RESOURCES SCIENCE Mar. ,2002 生物资源面临的严重威胁 :生物多样性丧失 徐世晓 ,赵新全 ,孙 　平 ,赵 　伟 ,赵同标 ( 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 ,青海 西宁 　810001) 4 　　摘要 :全球据科学家估计有1 400 ×10 种生物 ,但其丧失速度非常惊人。文中指出目前大约有 492 种 4 乔木的遗传多样性受到威胁 ;未来将有 5 %～20 %的动植物种群濒临灭绝 ,6 ×10 种植物在今后 20a 里可 能灭绝。生物多样性丧失原因为 :生物资源需求量的剧增 ,但管理不力 ,缺乏利益权衡 ,不合理的生产活 动 , 自然栖息地被人为占用,土壤、空气、水的污染等等。 关键词 :生物多样性 ;价值 ;人类活动 ( ) 中图分类号:Q - 16 ;X176 　　文献标识码 :B 　　文章编号 :1007 - 7588 2002 02 - 0006 - 06 A SERIOUS MENACE TO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES : LOSSES OF BIODIVERSITY XU Shixiao , ZHAO Xinquan , SUN Ping , ZHAO Wei , ZHAO Tongbiao ( Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology , CAS , Xining 810001 , China) Abstract :According to the estimation by scientists , there are kinds of living beings in the whole world. Unfortunately , the species are decreasing at very surprising speed. It is pointed out in the article that there are about 492 kinds of arbors whose hereditary diversity is threatened at present. Moreover , it is predi cated that there are 5 %～20 % species endangered in the near future. Main reasons of biodiversity loses , argued in this paper , are : sharp increasing demand of biological resources , without effective management , unreasonable activity in production and living , occupation of natural habitat , as well as pollution of soil , air ,