信号处理英文讲义 Lectures_3_Quantisation.pdf

EEE325 Signal Processing Lecture 1 Introduction Dr. Zhao Wang zhao.wang@xjtlu.edu.cn Room EE322 1 Ref. 2, Chap. 2Ref. 2, Chap. 2 Content • Quantisation process and errors – Quantisation noise • Over-sampling and noise shaping quantiser • Fixed and floating point numbers • D/A converter • A/D converter 2 Quantisation Process • Sampling: the process of converting a continuous-time signal into a discrete-time signal • Quantisation: converts a signal continuous in amplitude into a signal discrete in amplitude. 3 • The hold capacitor in the sampler holds each measured sample x(nT) for at most T seconds x(t) x(t) t t • The A/D converter convert it to a quantized sample, xQ(nT), which is representable by a finite number of bits, say B bits. x(t) x(t) t t 4 Quantisation Process • R is the full-scale range which is divided equally (for a uniform quantiser) into 2B quantisation levels. • The spacing between levels are called the quantisation width or the quantiser resolution Q 5 Quantisation Process • Bipolar ADC: quantised values lie within the symmetric range: – The upper end, R/2, of the full-scale range is not realized as one of the levels;