武汉理工大学数字图像处理英文课件 Chapter4（2）.pptVIP

Original Images Grayscale Conversion Image Difference Difference Histogram Locating Extreme Differences * These are jpeg compressed images of downtown Cincinnati. m1 = imread(lytle007.jpg); imshow(m1); m2 = imread(lytle008.jpg); imshow(m2) whos Name Size Bytes Class m1 501x642x3 964926 uint8 array m2 501x642x3 964926 uint8 array d1 = rgb2gray(m1); d2 = rgb2gray(m2); whos Name Size Bytes Class d1 501x642 321642 uint8 array d2 501x642 321642 uint8 array m1 501x642x3 964926 uint8 array m2 501x642x3 964926 uint8 array We must convert the uint8 (byte) arrays to double before taking differences because unsigned integers can not represent negative differences. Note that uint8 values range from 0-255, but double image values are expected to range from 0-1. d1 = im2double(d1); d2 = im2double(d2); imwrite(d2,d2.jpg); diff = d2 - d1; max(max(diff)) = 0.9961 min(min(diff)) = -0.9333 One way of illustrating differences is to map the image range -1 .. 1 into 0 .. 1 cdiff = (diff+1.0)/2.0; imwrite(cdiff,cdiff.jpg); A difference image is an example of bipolar image. imhist(cdiff); The spread in differences could be caused by changes in lighting or camera (recording) parameters. It may also be an effect of image compression. Here is another way of showing the histogram: [counts,x] = imhist(cdiff); stem(counts,x) stem(x,counts) ? k1 = diff -0.15; ? k2 = diff 0.15; ? g = (d1.*not(k1)).*not(k2); ? final = cat(3,g+double(k2),g,g+double(k1)); ? imwrite(final,final.jpg); The extreme differences in these example images are due mostly to traffic. We can see these differences in the “difference” image, but they may be difficult to correlate with static (common) features. The following operations produce a color-coded grayscale image that highlights regions of extreme differences. *