自然保护区协同管理外文文献原文.pdfVIP

Journal of Environmental Management 129 (2013) 444 e455 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Environmental Management journal homepage: www.els /locate/jenvman Towards measuring the transaction costs of co-management in Mkambati Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa M.L. Blore a, *, G. Cundill a, M. Mkhulisi b a Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Bangor House, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa b Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency, South Africa a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: During the last three decades, there has been an increased pursuit of participatory approaches to Received 28 December 2012 managing natural resources. In South Africa, this has been evident in the management of protected areas. Received in revised form In particular, land claims, which affect much of the conservation estate in South Africa, frequently result 3 June 2013 in co-management of protected areas by claimant communities and conservation agencies. This is Accepted 2 August 2013 occurring against a backdrop of declining state subsidies and growing expectations that South African Available online 31 August 2013 conservation agencies will finance themselves while simultaneously stimulating local economic op- portunities. In this context, it is important for co-management partners to understand and monitor the Ke