材料科学与工程基础作业讲评_6.pptVIP

第九次作业中文 4-1： 铝的弹性模量为70GPa,泊松比为0.34，在83MPa的静水压时，此单位晶胞的体积是多少？ 　　由E=3K(1-2ν) 　　得 K=E/[3(1-2ν)] 　　=70Gpa/[3(1-2*0.34)]=72.9Gpa 　 △V/V=σ/K=83Mpa/72.9GPa=1.14‰ 　 V=4.04963*10-30*(1-1.14‰)=66.3?10-30 (m3) 4-3　直径为12.83mm的试棒，标距长度为50mm，轴向受200kN的作用力后拉长0.456mm，且直径变成12.79mm， (a) 此试棒的体积模量是多少？ (b) 剪切模量是多少？ 解：σ=F/S=F/(πd2/4)=1.56GPa ε=ΔL/L=0.456/50=0.912% 正弹性模量：E=σ/ε=1.56Gpa/0.912%=172.9Gpa 泊松比：ν=-eY/eX =[-(12.79-12.83)/12.83]/0.912%=0.342 (a) 体积模量：K= E/[3(1-2ν)]=172.9/[3(1-2*0.342)] =182Gpa (b) 剪切模量： G=E/(2(1+ν))=172.9/[2*(1+0.342)]=64Gpa 英文书 7.20 A cylindrical metal specimen 15.0mm in diameter and 150mm long is to be subjected to a tensile stress of 50 Mpa; at this stress level the resulting deformation will be totally elastic. (a)?If the elongation must be less than 0.072mm, which of the metals in Table7.1 are suitable candidates? Why ? ?= ?l / l0=0.072mm/150mm=0.00048 ? =E ?，E=?/? =50MPa/0.00048=104GPa 要使?l 0.072mm, 则E 104MPa, 因此 in Table7.1, the metals of Tungsten, steel, nickel, titanium and copper are suitable candidates. (b) If, in addition, the maximum permissible diameter decrease is 2.3×10-3 mm,which of the metals in Table 7.1 may be used ? Why? ? y= ?d /d0=0.0023mm/15mm=0.000153 v =-? y/? x=0.000153/ 0.00048=0.319 要使?d 0.0023mm, 则v 0.319, 因此 in Table7.1, the metals of Tungsten, steel and nickel may be used. 7.24 A cylindrical rod 380 mm long, having a diameter of 10.0 mm, is to be subjected to a tensile load. If the rod is to experience neither plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 0.9 mm when the applied load is 24,500 N, which of the four metals or alloys listed below are possible candidates? ?=F/A0=F/(?d02/4) =24500N /(3.14*102 mm2/4)=312 MPa, 因此从屈服强度来看，只有Steel alloy and Brass alloy才有可能。 另外： ?= ?l /l0=0.9mm/380mm=0.00237 ? =E ?，E=?/? =312MPa/0.00237=131MPa, 因此，?l 0.9mm, 　E　必须　大于131MPa, 因此Steel alloy合适。 7.47 A steel specimen having a rectangular cross s