主动脉瓣置换术后的.护理.ppt

(二)心输出量减少(decreased cardiac output) (4)准确记录出入量，注意水电解质平衡 Record intake and output accurately, and pay attention to the balance of water electrolyte. （5）鼓励患者进食 Encourage patients to eat nursing intervention （三）潜在并发症的预防和护理 1、抗凝不足与抗凝过度 Inadequate anticoagulation and excessive anticoagulation (1)、为避免血栓形成，机械瓣置换术后，需终身抗凝治疗，生物瓣术后抗凝3-6个月。要定时定量口服 Explain to patients the importance of taking warfarin orally, Take anticoagulant medicine regularly and quantitatively The dose is 2.5-5 milligram （2）、服药期间监测INR，使之维持在2.0～3.0. Monitor INR during the medication to maintain it at 2.0 to 3.0 （3）加强患者的监测，如有无皮肤青紫瘀斑、牙龈出血等Strengthen the monitoring of patients, such as the skin bruising , and bleeding gums, etc. （4)、注意饮食对抗凝药物的影响 Pay attention to the infuence of diet on anticoagulants. Health Education Prevention of infection Diet Periodic review Medication guide Activity and rest Self-test 用药指导Medication guide 华法林只在体内抗凝，通过拮抗维生素K而产生药理作用。常用INR(国际标准化比值)评价 Warfarin anticoagulation only in the body, vitamin K antagonism generated by pharmacological effects. Common INR (international normalized ratio) evaluation 记住服药时间要固定哦！ Diet It is best for you to have more nourishing food and easily- digested food, including high-protein,high-vitamins, and so on.At the same time,you should have more meals with less food for each meal,develop good living habits. Avoid cigarettes, alcohol, coffee and spicy food. Patients with poor cardiac function should limit sodium intake . Patients should observe the changes in body weight. 保持饮食结构的相对平衡 应进食富含营养，易于消化的食物，报告高蛋白、高维生素等，同时，应少食多餐，养成良好饮食习惯。 禁忌烟酒、咖啡及刺激性食物。 心功能较差的病人要限制钠盐的摄入；应用利尿剂的病人，注意观察尿量及体重的变化。 富含维生素K的食物会降低华法林抗凝作用， 不易长期单调食用某种含维生素K多的绿色青菜 活动与休息Activity and rest 术后1个月内避免剧烈体育活动，3个月内应限量活动，以后可逐渐增大活动量，6个月后可恢复正常学习和工作, 但所有锻炼和运动均不应过度。 Within a month after surgery, patients should avoid strenuous physical activity; within three months, patients should be limited in activity