国际贸易第1章.pptVIP

CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to International Trade Learning Objectives 1.To understand why international trade takes place 2.To learn the differences between international trade and domestic trade 3.To understand the history and importance of international trade 4.To appreciate the opportunities offered by international trade 5.To learn the history and importance of China’s foreign trade 6.To learn the basic concepts in international trade Definition of international trade 对外贸易（Foreign? Trade）? 国际贸易（International? Trade） 对外贸易（Foreign? Trade)国际贸易（International? Trade） In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. The distribution of natural resources is uneven. Some countries are abundant in resources, while elsewhere reserves are scarce or even nonexistent. And a country may be rich in some resources but poor in others. For instance, Britain has large reserves of coal but lacks some metal reserves. Kuwait has vast oil deposits but little farm produce, and Japan relies heavily on import for most of the primary commodities. That is the season why international trade first began. With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization ----one country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries. Such specialization constitutes an important basis for international trade. 1、国际贸易：是从世界的角度或国际范围的角度看待世界各国之间的有关货物和服务的交换活动。 对外贸易：是站在一个国家或地区的角度看待本国或地区同其它国家或地区所进行的有关货物和服务的交换活动。有时也称国外贸易 external trade 国际贸易的概念--从国际范围来看的，也被称为世界贸易(World Trade) ，即各国对外贸易的总和。 国际贸易与国内贸易，国际贸易与对外贸易，国际贸易与世界贸易 International Trade 与Foreign Trade 的区别、联系： 联系：都跨越国界，对外贸易是国际贸易的一部分。 区别： （二）狭义和广义的国际贸易 ?广义：将货物与服务包括在内的国际贸易。 ?狭义：不包括服务在内，仅指有关货物交换的国际贸易。 The need for international trade 1.why does international trade take place? The uneven distribution of resources around the world is one of the most basic reasons why nations trade with each other. Economic