藏东南高山林线不同生活型植物δ13C值及相关生理生态学特性研究.DOCVIP

藏东南高山林线不同生活型植物δ13C值及相关生理生态学特性研究 摘要：本论文在藏东南色齐拉山口高山林线展开研究，分析了不同生活型植物的δ13C 值及相关叶性状随海拔、冠层高度的分异规律，阐明了低温导致的水分胁迫对该地区林线交错带乔木、灌木及草本植物生长和分布的相对重要性。研究主要结果如下： 1）同一生活型植物的δ13C值无显著差异，而不同生活型植物的δ13C值差异显著，表明生活型的改变导致了植物水分利用策略的变化；2）乔木物种δ13C 值随海拔上升的变化率明显高于其它生活型植物，证实了乔木物种由于树高及生长季低温限制了其对水分的吸收和传输，使其对水分胁迫的敏感性高于灌木及草本植物；3）沿冠层高度的水力变化所形成的水势梯度是叶δ13C 值变化的主要控制因子，说明在冷湿气候下林线地区乔木叶片很可能普遍存在水分胁迫，尤其是中上部的叶片。在较高海拔处即林线上限，三个物种的δ13C冠层间变化率最大，表明高海拔处低温对水分胁迫的影响尤为明显。 在一定土壤低温阈值下，高大乔木物种被低矮的灌木及草本植物所替代，不但有利于改善土壤温度及提高植物根系对水分的吸收能力，而且减少植物体内的水分传输路径，进而增加冠层叶片的光合能力。 Abstract： In this thesis, we measured the variations in leaf δ13C and related leaf traits associated with altitude, canopy height across different plant species and life forms growing at the north-facing Abies timberline of the Sergyemla Mts, southeastern Tibet Plateau so as to determine the ecological significance of water stress induced by low air or soil temperature at the timberline on growth and distribution of trees, shrubs and grasses growing in timberline area. The main results indicated as follows: 1.There was no difference in δ13C of plants within the same life form plants but a significant difference between different life forms, indicating that the variation of water use efficiency was dependent on life form identities. The δ13C values of different life-form plants would be an integrated indicator of changes in water use strategy among functional groups at the timberline. 2. The higher increased rates of δ13C with altitude of tree species than other life form species suggested that plants with different life forms showed different responses to the similar increase in altitude. For tree species, the high canopy stature and accompanied low air- and soil-temperature at the timberline limited the water uptake by roots and its transportation rate in the soil and plant, leading to a higher sensitivity to water stress in trees than in shrubs and grasses as indicated by the highest altitudinal variations in δ13C of tree leaves. 3. The height-induced hydraulic