传统和现代生物工程.PDFVIP

136 E4 第 1 課 傳統和現代生物工程 E4 Chapter 1 Traditional and modern biotechnology 傳統和現代生物工程 E41.1 Biotechnology 生物工程: Biotechnology involves the use of organisms, biological systems or processes in producing goods or providing services. Below are some examples: 生物工程是指利用生物、生物系統或生物過程製造產物或提供服務的各種技術。舉例如下: 1. Making bread, cheese and wine 製造麵包、乳酪和酒 2. Making GM food 製造基因改造食物 3. Making animal clones 製造動物克隆 4. Making vaccines 生產疫苗 5. Cleaning up oil spills 清理油污 6. Matching a suspect to a crime scene 鑑別疑犯身份 E41.2 Traditional and modern biotechnology 傳統和現代生物工程: Traditional biotechnology 傳統生物工程 : Human have been modifying the genetic make-ups of other organisms for thousands of years. They produce crops and animals with desirable characteristics by selecting the best varieties of organisms to breed. This is called selective breeding. They also use microorganisms to produce bread, cheese, soya sauce, wine and beer. However the rate of strain improvement is slow and the production rate is low too. 人類對其他生物進行基改造已實行了數千年，他們選用最優良的品種進行交配以孕育出具 有理想特徵的農作物和牲畜 ，這名為選擇育種。人們亦利用微生物以製造麵包、乳酪、醬 油、紅酒和啤酒等。但是種系的改良很緩慢，生產率亦頗低。 Modern biotechnology 現代生物工程 : Modern biotechnology involves the manipulation of DNA, cells, tissues or biological processes for mass production of goods and services. It includes genetic engineering and cloning. 現代生物工程是指操控 DNA 、細胞、組織或生物過程以大量生產產物或提供服務。它包括 遺傳工程和克隆(複製)兩大項目。 E4 第 1 課 傳統和現代生物工程