汉译英：汉语与英语不同语序以及结构重组.pptVIP

The third module: sentence translation 分译（长句） 合译 语态变换 无主句的翻译 不同语序 句子结构重组 无主句译法 Chinese and English have different systems of subjects and predicates. Subjects in English are usually assumed by nouns, noun phrases or structures that have similar functions like nominal clauses, but in Chinese by a lot of other elements. The following is a list of the elements that act as subjects in Chinese. (1) nouns or noun phrases as subjects (2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects (3) adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects (1) nouns or noun phrases as subjects 春天过去了。 一本五毛钱。 工业和农业得到了大发展。 长江一带是水稻产区。 (2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects 说比做容易。 坚持下去就是顺利。 专心地听才能听懂。 吃苦，他不怕。 (3) Adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects 勤俭是一种美德。 甜滋滋的，挺好吃。 A. Adding subjects Since an English sentence usually requires a subject, the translator can add the subject that is omitted in the Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless sentence. For instance, 你一旦开始，就必须继续下去。 Once you begin, you must continue. (amplification) 活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn. 只准州官放火，不准百姓点灯。 One man may steal a horse，while another may not look over the hedge． B. Using the empty subject “it” “It” in English is always used for weather, time, and some other natural phenomena. Some of the Chinese subjectless sentences describing natural phenomena or time can be translated into English sentences with “it” being the subject. 十点钟了，他还没有回来。 Its ten oclock now. He didnt return home yet. 下雨了，我们快走吧。 Its raining now; lets hurry up. 要解决问题，还须做系统而周密的调查工作和研究工作。 In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study． C. Translating into English passive sentences 必须保重产品质量。 The quality of product must be guaranteed. 去年发现了一种稀有元素。 A rare element was found last year. 封面上印着一个猎人的像。 The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover. 没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity． D. Translating into