Overpressure 超压的基本介绍.pptVIP

What is Over-Pressurization 什么是超压? The increase of pressure inside a piece of equipment beyond its ability to hold that pressure. 设备内压力超出其允许值 Vessels and tanks 容器与储罐 Cylinders and bottles 钢瓶及一般的瓶 Compressors and pumps 压缩机及泵 Piping and tubing 管道 Hoses and flex joints 软管及软管接口 Instruments and valves 仪表及阀门 Imagine - Blowing Up a Balloon 假设 – 吹一个气球 Over-Pressurization Hazards 超压的危害 Ruptured process vessels, cylinders, piping 工艺容器、钢瓶、管道破裂 Whipping hoses 软管甩动 Flying debris and shrapnel 碎片和零件飞出 Serious injury 严重受伤 Death 死亡 Over-Pressurization Kills 超压事故案例 Incident 1: Liquid trapped in the ball of a ball valve expanded, causing the valve to come apart. Worker dies when contents of CO2 storage tank released in his direction. 事故1：截留在一个球阀的球体内的液体膨胀，引起该阀门解体，飞片击中一个在储罐附近的工人，致使其死亡。 Incident 2: A Chlorine cylinder ruptures during fill procedure, killing worker in the same room. 事故 2：一个氯气钢瓶在灌充时破裂，致使现场一员工死亡。 Over-Pressurization Kills 超压事故案例 Over-pressurization can occur at your location too! 超压也可能发生在你的周围 Causes of Over-Pressurization 超压的原因 Faulty process control 控制缺陷 Process upsets 程序混乱 Trapped liquefied gases 液化气体的残留 In a pipe or hose between two closed valves残留在二个关闭的阀门间的管段 In a ball or gate valve not designed to relieve internal pressure 残留在一个没有内部气体释放设计的球阀或闸阀里 Causes of Over-Pressurization 超压的原因 Poor equipment and process design糟糕的设备及流程设计 Human error 人为失误 Faulty Process Control 控制缺陷 Improperly calibrated control devices (temperature, pressure, flow, level…) 控制装置校准不当（温度、压力、流量、液位等） Malfunctioning control sensing devices 控制传感器故障 Isolation valves closed切断阀关闭 Inlet ports blocked 进口堵塞 Devices damaged 装置损坏 Faulty Process Control (cont.) 控制缺陷 Malfunctioning control valves控制阀故障 Sticking control valves, solenoids 控制阀、电磁铁卡住 Closed or throttled isolation or bypass valves关闭、节流或旁路 Process Upsets 程序混乱 Sudden flow rate, temperature or pressure changes 突然的流量、温度或压力的变化 Process operation outside of established operating limits 在额定的运行条件外运行 Trapped Liquefied Gases 液化气体残留 Expand a