语言学讲稿一.pptVIP

General Linguistics  Instructor: Zhang Shaoquan (张绍全） That’s why it is odd to say * ‘a female nurse’, while it is reasonable to say ‘a male nurse’. In everyday language female is the unmarked (usual, common) sex for secretaries, midwives, prostitutes, ballet dancers, and house-keepers as well. The opposite situation, maleness as the unmarked sex, is found in many professions and occupations, including surgeons, pilots, sailors, and most jobs whose names end in –man, such as policeman, salesman, postman, and fireman. Feminists felt that these expressions reflected male chauvinism and have campaigned to substitute –woman or –person for –man, as in policewoman, chairperson, and freshwoman. Consider the following sentences: Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. Sincerity admires John. He is an infant bachelor. The second sentence is unusual because it suggests that the girl came to the speaker as part of a previous arrangement. How about the meaning of the sentence below: My husband will come back. A: Will you invite me to go upstairs to have a cup of tea? B: My room is in a mess. Why study linguistics Why should we call the thing we sit on chair? Can’t we call chair table and table chair? How is it that children don’t seem to make a big effort in learning their first language while we adults have to work very hard to learn a second language? With a little linguistic knowledge, the student will not take everything in his mother tongue for granted and question the existence of anything different from his own language. He will understand that human languages have important features in common while differ greatly in many details. Course objective 1. To acquaint you with the basic concepts adopted by linguistics; 2. To provide you with tools for linguistic analysis and the ability to discover organizing principles of language; 3. To make you aware of various linguistic theories or approaches; 4. To help learn a language better and more quic