翻译理论与实践6.ppt

英译汉对策（2） (补)名词的译法 “抽象名词+动词”的句型，常见于政论体裁和科技文体中。翻译成汉语时往往需要将名词扩展成短语或句子，同时位置也需要进行调整。 1.译成条件或时间状语 [例1]Foresight now tells us that travel to Mars is not impossible. [译文]如果我们把眼光放得远一点，就会明白将来前往火星旅行不无可能。 [例1]The year 1871 witnessed the heroic uprising of the Paris Commune. [译文]1871年爆发了英勇的巴黎公社起义。 [例3]A stone dropped from its out edge would have fallen sheer downward one thousand feet to the tops of the pines. [译文]如果有一块石头从边缘处掉下去，会正好落到下面一千英尺处的松树顶上。 2.译成短语或短句 [例1]The youth cult of the ’60s is fast giving way to an older and more settled lifestyle. [译文]60年代盛行的青年至上风气，现在正在迅速衰退；取而代之的是一种更为老式、安定的生活方式。 [例2]The prospect of the collapse of the public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette. Society’s first concern will remain major crime, but a forecast of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston. [译文]人们期望，不要把公共礼貌的沦丧仅仅看成是礼仪的问题。社会首先关注的当然还是重大犯罪，但休斯敦的不文明现象已经使这座城市与感到这一问题的严重性了。 3.抽象名词具体化 [例1]Wha they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. [译文]他们最渴望的就是解暑这摇摆不定的局面。 [例2]There is more to their life the political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. [译文]他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。 4.具体事物抽象化 [例1]Eletric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented. [译文]电动机发明之后，电才开始造福人类。 [例2]And, of course, so surrounded by admirers, she must be difficult in her choice. [译文]追求她的人当然很多，她都挑花了眼。 (补)形容词的译法 1.意义载量较大的形容词，翻译时可译成独立的语言单位。 [例1]He is a dapper sixty three. [译文1]他今年已经65岁，但身子骨却很硬朗。 [译文2]他是一个身体矫健的65岁的老人。 [例2]Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride. [译文]当破晓时，他早已走了一大段路了。这次骑马旅行是愉快的，没有遇到意外事件。 [例3]He had some cheerful wine at the party. [译文1]他在聚会时喝了一些使人振奋的酒。 [译文2]聚会时他喝了一点酒，然后就来劲儿了。 2.句子的信息中心不在名词而在形容词上时，翻译时可将名词译为修饰成分，把形容词译为被修饰成分。 [例1]The world is still engaged in a massive armaments race designed to insure continuing equivalent strength among potential adversaries. [译文]世界仍在进行大规模的军备竞赛，目的是为了在潜在的对手之间继续保持力量的平衡。 [例2]Pressing down the button of the alarm-clock, he curled up for a l