课件贺树峰-公开课件.pptVIP

乙 醇 榆林市第五中学 贺 树 峰 * 乙 醇 化学性质 相关知识 醇 类 制 法 结 构 C2H5OH 乙醇的化学性质 CH3CH2ONa Na （乙）醇钠 CH3CH2Br HBr △ 卤代烃 CH3CHO O2 Cu △ 乙醛 CH2 CH2 浓H2SO4 170℃ 乙烯 CH3CH2 O CH2CH3 浓H2SO4 140℃ 乙醚 乙醇的化学性质 1 2 3 5 4 CH3CH2-OH + H-O-CH2CH3????? CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 + H2O 浓硫酸 140℃ 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2↑ CH2=CH2↑ + H2O H C C H H H H OH 浓硫酸 170℃ △ H C C H H H H OH + H2O + HBr H C C H H H H Br △ 2H C C H H H OH + 2H2O + O2 H 2H C C H H H Cu O CH2OH CH2OH 2Na + CH2ONa CH2ONa + H2↑ 2CH3OH + Ca (CH3O)2Ca + H2↑ CHOH CH2OH 6Na + CHONa CH2ONa + 3H2↑ CH2OH CH2ONa 2 2 [练习] 写出甲醇和钙、乙二醇和钠、甘油和钠的反应 2CH3OH + Ca (CH3O)2Ca + H2↑ CH2OH CH2OH 2Na + CH2ONa CH2ONa + H2↑ CHOH CH2OH 6Na + CHONa CH2ONa + 3H2↑ CH2OH CH2ONa 2 2 结束 [练习] 思考下列醇和氢卤酸反应后的产物 CH3CHOHCH2CH3 (CH3)2COHCH2CH3 (CH3)3C CHOHCH3 (CH3)3C CH2CH2OH CH3CHBrCH2CH3 CH3CBrCH2CH3 CH3 (CH3)3C CHBrCH3 CH3 C CH2CH2Br CH3 CH3 结束 [练习] 醇的催化氧化反应 写出甲醇、1–丙醇、2 –丙醇、2 –甲基– 2 –丙醇的结构简式 考虑下述醇在一定条件下能否去氢氧化，如能够氧化，写出产物的结构简式 CH3OH CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CHCH3 OH CH3CCH3 OH CH3 HCHO CH3CH2CHO CH3CCH3 O 不能得相应的醛或酮 结束 醛 酮 [练习] 醇的消去反应 1、写出C5H12O所有醇的同分异构体 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CHCH3 OH CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 OH CH3CHCH2CH2OH CH3 CH3CHCHOHCH3 CH3 CH3COHCH2CH3 CH3 CH2OHCHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3CCH2OH CH3 CH3 2、考虑下列醇发生消去反应后的产物 [练习] 请将下列醇中能氧化得醛的排列在一组，能氧化得酮的排列在一组 [练习] 醇的消去反应 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CHCH3 OH CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 OH CH3CH2CH2CH CH2 CH3CH2CH CHCH3 CH3CH2CH2CH CH2 CH3CH2CH CHCH3 返回 [练习] 醇的消去反应（分子内脱水反应） CH3CHCH2CH2OH CH3 CH3CHCHOHCH3 CH3 CH3COHCH2CH3 CH3 CH2OHCHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3CHCH CH2 CH3 CH3C CHCH3 CH3 CH2 CCH2CH3 CH3 结束 [练习答案] CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CHCH2CH2OH CH3 CH2OHCHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3CCH2OH CH3 CH3 CH3CH2CH2CHCH3 OH CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 OH CH3CHCHOHCH3 CH3 CH3COHCH2CH3 CH3 结束 [练习] 醇分子间脱水生成醚 1、考虑甲醇在浓硫酸催化下于140℃时的反应产物 C