过程设备设计双语教学Chapter.pptVIP

Chapter 15  Distillation Systems 1. terms in this chapter Azeotropic mixture(共沸物）: with similar boiling points. Bottoms product and distillation: Feed distributor: Final boiling point: the heaviest component boils. local flooding（局部液泛）: excessive liquid flowing down a column blocks vapor flow up the column in one section. All flooding: local flooding expands to entire column. 1. terms in this chapter Overlap: incomplete separation of a mixture. Overloading: operating a column at maxium condition. Puking: what happen is when the vapor is so great that it forces liquid up the column or out the overhead line. Rectifying section（精馏段）: the upper section above the feed line. Lighter. Stripping section（提馏段）：The section below the feed line.heavier. Vacuum distillation: 2. overview of distillation Definition: distillation is a process that separates a substance from a mixture by its boiling point, which includes a feed system,a preheat system,the distillation column,the overhead system,and the bottom system. Application: petroleum products…... Process: during the distillation process, lighter components with lower boiling point rise up the column, while heavier components with higher boiling point drop down. 3. Three Distinct Operations3.1. Batch Distillation 3.2. Continuous Batch Distillation 3.3. Modern Fractional Distillation 4 Principles of Distillation4.1.Effected by temperature4.1.1 Kinetic energy (Temperature) Molecules of liquids are closer together than that of gases; The speed of molecules is proportional to the amount of heat; The molecules begin to speed up and move farther apart when it is been heated; The molecular motion is referred to as kinetic energy. Its temperature determines the kinetic energy. 4.1.2 sensible and latent heat Sensible heat: can be measured and observed—temperature rises when heated. Latent heat: cannot be measured, but can be observedtemperature stops rising and a great deal of vapor is produced when heated. 4.1.