补充ch2英汉句法结构对比.pptVIP

* 英汉句法结构对比 例1：This attitude has been described as anything from a “merciful loss of memory” to “escapist therapy”. 【译文】人们对这种态度议论纷纷，有的说是“好心的遗忘”，有的说是“逃避现实的疗法”。 3. 3. 1 英汉句子结构的互换 A. 英语简单句可转换成汉语复合句 例2：His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free Beijing University. 【译文】由于中学成绩优异，他免费上了北京大学。 例3：His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 【译文】她很疲惫，也感到越来越热，于是决定一遇到有阴凉的地方就坐下来休息。 例1：He doesn’t know what life means to him. 【译文】他不知道人生的意义。 例2：What troubles me is that I don’t have much experience in this kind of work. 【译文】使我苦恼的是我做这种工作经验不多。 例3：He was very clean and his mind was open. 【译文】他为人单纯而坦率。 B. 英语并列句、复合句可转换成汉语简单句 “语义表达没有明确的从左向右或从上到下的顺序，但语义在句法上尤其是横向组合关系上有具体的线性体现。语序的实质是根据思维之流来安排句法单位的排列顺序” 。但S-V-O句子结构是人类语言最优化的结构，最符合人类的认知顺序，使用最为广泛。 3. 3. 2 英汉句子顺序的调整 A. 调整时间顺序 英语叙述其从句可在主句之前，也可在主语之后，而汉语则按事情发生的先后顺序来叙述。 例1：If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness. 【译文】如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种玉洁冰清、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色儿——二十六年前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过爱舍斯特——那么在四十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过脸颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿鼓了。 例2：Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice. 【译文】遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的惟一方式， 当这种继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时，人类历史便开始了。 例3: He smelled the breeze and he listened for any foreign sound of secrecy or creeping, and his eyes searched the darkness, for the music of evil was sounding in his head and he was fierce and afraid. After he had probed the night with his sense he went to the place by the side post where the pearl was buried, and he dug it up and brought it to his