累犯制度若干问题研究-法律·刑法学专业论文.docxVIP

内 容 摘 要 内 容 摘 要 作者对累犯的概念和构成要件以及累犯制度的分类等问题进行了探讨，并提 出了我国累犯的司法认定及现行累犯制度的不足与完善建议。本文分五部分：第 一部分，简要介绍中外刑法理论界在累犯概念上的争议，提出累犯是一个多层次 概念的观点，同时还介绍了我国古代累犯制度之变迁，近代累犯制度之形成，现 代累犯制度之确立。第二部分，简要概述了累犯制度的类型。基于法律载体的不 同，累犯分为总则型累犯与分则型累犯、法典型累犯与特别刑法型累犯、立法型 累犯与司法型累犯；基于立法模式的不同，累犯分为单一总则型累犯、单一分则 型累犯、总则与分则复合型累犯；基于构成要件的不同，累犯分为普通累犯、特 别累犯、混合累犯。第三部分，作者概述了世界各国关于普通累犯和特殊累犯在 构成要件如罪次、时间、刑度、主观等要件上的不同立法例，阐述了自己对此问 题的观点。第四部分，作者深入论证了新旧刑法冲突或数罪并罚时的累犯认定和 缓刑考验期满后或假释考验期内犯新罪的累犯认定以及不同法域之间的累犯认 定。第五部分，阐述了我国现行累犯制度的主要缺陷，提出相应的立法建议。一 是特殊累犯范围过于狭窄，应将毒品犯罪、走私犯罪纳入可构成特殊累犯之罪； 二是仅规定单位犯罪却无规定单位累犯有违刑事立法精神，应增设单位累犯；三 是把未成年人作为累犯的适格条件不符合累犯制度的设定初衷和对未成年人特 殊保护的精神，应在刑法中明确规定未成年人不构成累犯；四是规定累犯不得假 释有失科学合理，累犯可以假释，但条件可适当从严；五是刑法第 65 条“刑罚执 行完毕或赦免”条文易使人产生歧义，应修改为“主刑执行完毕或赦免”。 关 键 词：累犯制度；司法认定；立法完善 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In this thesis, the author makes a research into the conception, the constituent elements and the categories of recidivist system in China. Meanwhile, the author puts forward the legal determination of recidivist and points out the shortcoming of present recidivist system and offers some suggestions for perfecting the recidivist system. The thesis is divided into five parts. Ⅰ The author introduces the conflicting ideas of the conception of recidivist in the theoretical fields of criminal law in China and foreign countries. At the same time, the author points out that recidivist is a multi-level conception and introduces the changes of the conception of recidivist in the ancient times, the formation of recidivist system in the modern times and the establishment of recidivist system in the present times. Ⅱ In the second part, the author introduces the categories of recidivist system. Based on the difference of the legal carriers, the recidivist is divided into recidivist for the general rules and recidivist for the branch rules, the legal code recidivist and special criminal law recidivist, legal recidivist and judicial recidivist. Based on the difference of the legal modes, the recidivist is divided into single general rules recidi