论司法审查的民主基础与民主价值-法学；宪法学与行政法学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 I I 摘 要 在美国，司法审查亦称违宪审查，是指法院审查国会制定的法律是否符合宪 法，及行政机关的行为是否符合宪法及法律。这种制度的理论依据是，宪法是根 本法，具有最高的法律效力，是立法和执法的基础和根据，法律和法令从形式到 内容，都不得同宪法条文相抵触。司法机关主要是最高法院或宪法法院，被认为 是保障宪法的机关，因而一旦产生法律和法令是否合宪的问题，它们就可以宣告 该法律和法令违宪而无效。司法审查在权力的分立制衡上发挥着重要的作用，却 因性质与发生机理的“反民主性”而饱受质疑。事实上，司法审查并非对民主的 反动或侵蚀；相反，司法权因其独立与审慎而有效地弥补了民主的内生缺陷，更 好地实现了民主的宪政功能。基于此，辨析司法审查制度的民主基础与民主价值， 探求其与中国现有制度资源的融合模式，必有助于中国司法审查模式的良性构 建，更好实现这一制度内涵的民主价值诉求 关键词：司法审查 人权保障 法律合宪 权力制衡 Abstract Abstract II II Abstract In US, the judicial examination also called the violation of the constitution examination, is refers to the court to examine the law which Congress formulates whether conforms to the constitution, and administrative organs behavior whether conforms to the constitution and the law. This system theory basis is, the constitution is the fundamental law, has the highest legal effect, is the legislation and the law enforcement foundation and the basis, the law and the law from the form to the content, does not have the same constitution article to conflict. The judicial organ mainly is the supreme court or the constitution court, was considered is safeguards the constitution the institution, once thus has the law and the law whether gathers the constitution the question, but they may announce this law and the law violation of the constitution invalid. The judicial examination keeps in balance in the authority separation on is playing the vital role, because actually the nature with has the mechanism “counter-democratic” to fully suffer the question. In fact, judicial examination by no means to democracy reactionary or corrosion; On the contrary, the jurisdiction because of its independent and carefully and has effectively made up the democracy in fresh flaw, has realized the democracy constitutional government function well Based on this, the discrimination judicature review mechanism democratic foundation and the democratic value, seek it with the Chinese existing system resources fusion pattern, must be helpful to the Chinese j