初中英语三大从句-总结.docVIP

一. 宾语从句object clause： 一. 定义definition： 在句子中起 宾语作用的从句叫做宾语 从句。 二. 连接词connections： that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses: 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二. 定语从句 Attributive clause： 定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 先行词指人 who /that 先行词指物 which/ that 3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后 4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 5.翻译方法 “…. 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom This is the teacher whom\who we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher. 关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况: 1.先行词前有序数词修饰时： This is the first gift that my parents bought me. 2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时： This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词是不定代词something,?anything等时. e.g. Is?there?anything?that?you?want?in?this?shop 4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that. e.g. He?talked?about?some?writers?and?books?that were?unknown?to?us?all.? 5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit. 6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导. Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform? 当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom 当关系代词前使用介词时： e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing. 2. This is the te