后备牛的饲养管理.pptVIP

谢 谢！ 放映结束 感谢各位批评指导！ 让我们共同进步 * Overall, the goals for rearing replacement heifers are geared towards enabling the calf/heifer to express her genetic potential for growth and milk production. Current industry recommendations for growing dairy heifers are based on three basic assumptions: Costs associated with raising heifers are significant and should be minimized. Excessive rates of gain, especially prior to puberty, may result in reduced lifetime productivity – heifers should gain 1.8 - 2 lbs (.82 - .91 kg) a day after weaning through calving to reach 1200 lbs (545 kg) after calving. Optimal age at first calving is approximately 24 months of age. * Dairy calves are primarily monogastric in function during their first 2 months of life. At birth, the reticulo-rumens are inactive and undeveloped. As the calf begins to eat dry feeds, the stomach compartments begin to grow and modify. Hence, calves should be encouraged to eat dry feed usually in the form of a highly digestible starter. The rate of rumen development dictates how rapidly young calves can digest complex starches and carbohydrates after weaning. VFA’s, and more specifically, butyrate and propionate enhance rumen development more so than acetate. 101日龄至6月龄的犊牛应以犊牛饲料D102为其干物质的主要来源,只有这样才能满足其快速生长以及瘤胃迅速发育的要求 101日龄至6月龄的犊牛营养需要 营养要全面 粗蛋白16—18% 1.8—2.3kg/头/天 优质犊牛饲料D102 颗粒料比粉料好 18％粗蛋白（干物质基础） 脂溶性 A D E K 水溶性 B族 胆碱 C 常量 Ca P Mg Na Cl K S 微量 Fe Mn Zn Cu I Co Se 其它添加剂 益生素 酶制剂 诱食剂 这个年龄阶段的后备牛应喂以优质的豆科青干草,任何劣质霉变的草料都会影响后备牛的生长发育 从七月龄到配种 管理要点 特点:瘤胃功能已健全，生长发育最旺盛，疾病少，容易管理。 要充分利用牛自身的“生长发育旺盛”的生理特点，除了能获得高的增重外，还要获得完美的内在器官发育及适应环境的能力。 体重不是越高越好，应有个控制量。 生长发育指标 月龄 体高(m) 胸围(m) 斜长(m) 体重(kg) 系数 ? ? ? 6 1.06 1.28 1.10 178 98.7 12 1.22 1.60 1.35 302 87.5 15 1.25 1.69 1.44 360 87.5 18 1.31 1.78 1.50 416 87.5 测试公式：体重(kg)=胸围(m)2×斜长(m)×系数 体高：从腰角的最高点量起，标尺应该立在小母牛后腿侧，以确保体高尺上可移动横尺在测量时落在小母牛的十字部最高点并与地面平衡。 胸围：测量时应将皮尺从肩后沿体侧在前腿后绕过胸部，将皮尺拉紧并记录。 斜长：从肩端到坐骨端之间的距离。测量时最好空腹、姿势正确，测