2016年小学六年英语上册语音知识复习(六年版1).docVIP

2016-2017学年度第一学期小学六年级(PEP)英语上册语音知识详解 [语音知识] 一、语调 英语语调主要有降调、升调和平调三大类。不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截然不同的语意概念。如“Yes”. 语调具有强烈的感情色彩，它使语言更富有表现力。 ㈠ 降调的基本含义是“结束”“肯定”。 ① 用于陈述句。例句：I have already read that book. ↘ That street is two miles long. ↘ Here you are.↘ ② 用于特殊疑问句。例句：What has happened to him? Which direction is it to the post office? ↘ ③ 用于命令祈使句。但委婉祈使句(…,please!),要用升调。例句：Do not hesitate to contact me. ↘ Go back to your seat! ↘ Follow me, please! ↗Please. ④ 用于感叹句。例句： What a small world! ↘ Oh! My poor Mathilde, how you’ve changed! ↘ ⑤ 问候用语常用降调，以示真诚： Good↘ morning. Good ↘evening. Good ↘afternoon. How ↘are you? ⑥ 感谢用语也常用降调，以表示诚挚的谢意： ↘Thank you. Thanks a ↘lot. Thank you very ↘much. ⑦ 在并列句中,并列连词and, but等的前后两上分句都用前升后降,表示句子还未说完。如： My fever is gone ↗, but I still have a cough. ↘ My major is English ↗, and I like it. ↘ I like ↗bananas, but she likes ↘oranges. We come to school by ↗bus and he comes by ↘bike. ⑧ 用于选择疑问句中“or”前部分读升调而后部分读降调（前升后降）。如：Do you want to ride↗ or walk? ↘ Would you like coffee↗ or tea? ↘ ㈡ 升调的基本含义是“没有结束”“不肯定”。 ① 用于一般疑问句。例句：Do you mind if I sit here? ↗ Can you hand in your compositions today? ↗ ② 数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个and并列成分用降调外，前面所有的并列成分都要用升调。例句：Let’s count the ↘number. ↗One , ↗ two, ↗three, ↗four, ↘five. I like ↗running, ↗swimming and ↘skating, but I don’t like playing↗ football, ↗basketball or ↘volleyball. For each incomplete sentence, there are four choices marked A↗, B↗, C↗, and D. ↘ We study Chinese ↗, history ↗, geography ↗, and English. ↘ ③ 用于委婉祈使句。例句： Excuse me, sir ↗. Can you help me? ↗ ④ 用于称呼语。如： Mrs. Smith ↗, this is Tom Jones. ↘ ⑤ 反意疑问句的语调有两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调。如：You are a ↘student, ↗aren’t you?↘No, I am a ↘teacher. You like ↘bananas, ↗don’t you? Yes, I ↘like. 若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。如：She is ↘shy, isn’t ↘she? This story has a happy ↘ ending, hasn’t ↘it? Yes, it ↘ has. ㈢ 平调。用于直接引语后，表示话是谁说的。 “We are going to Florida,” she said brightly. → “How do you feel, boy?”