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Running head: LANGUAGE AND GENDER Language and gender Name: 张三 (in Chinese) Student ID:English Class: 102 Department: Foreign languages and Literatures, School of Humanities  Abstract Different approaches to the issue of language and gender can lead to different understandings of it. Research on the issue can focus on either dominance or difference, but not necessarily mutually exclusive. Understanding how men and women use language differently involves gathering empirical data of both men’s and women’s speech, a complex understanding of power and gender relationships and other related issues. Keywords: language, gender, difference, relationship  Language and Gender Introduction With the general growth of feminist work in many academic fields, it is hardly surprising that the relationship between language and gender has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In an attempt to go beyond folklinguistic assumptions about how men and women use language (the assumption that women are talkative, for example), studies have focused on anything from different syntactical, phonological or lexical uses of language to aspects of conversation analysis, such as topic nomination and control, interruptions and other interactional features. While some research has focused only on the description of differences, other work has sought to show how linguistic differences both reflect and reproduce social difference. Accordingly, Coates (1988) suggests that research on language and gender can be divided into studies that focus on dominance and those that focus on difference. Literature Review Much of the earlier work emphasized dominance. Lakoff’s (1975) pioneering work suggested Example of a literature review is adapted fromSource: http://ecdev.hku.hk/acadgrammar/litrev/examples/litex3.htmthat women’s speech typically displayed a range of features, such as tag questions, which marked it as inferior and weak. Thus, she argued that the type of subordinate speech