供应链契约协调资料.pptVIP

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  • 2019-06-14 发布于湖北
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供应链契约协调资料

Supply Chain Coordination with Contracts 引言:供应链系统中成员各自追求自身利润最大化可能导致整个供应链系统不能达到最优,供应链系统要实现最优可以通过协调每个成员之间的转移支付,使得每个公司的利润目标与供应链的目标相符合 供应链协调中的三个重要问题 1.契约是否实现了供应链协调(供应链的最优行动策略是纳什均衡) 2.契约是否可以通过调整参数使得利润任意在不同企业间进行分配(利润可以任意分配,则帕累托最优解是存在的) 3.契约是否有采用的价值(考虑效率和管理成本,企业可能采用一项未能完全协调供应链的契约,可能是因为可操作性以及管理成本较低) 研究方法 鉴定或识别可以实现供应链协调的契约 求解每种类型契约的参数 评估每种契约是否可以实现任意的利润分配 实践问题的探索(法律约束问题、管理成本问题等) Coordinating the newsvendor one supplier and one retailer one selling season with stochastic demand a single opportunity for the retailer to order inventory from the supplier Problem:the retailer does not order enough inventory to maximize the supply chain’s total profit,coordination requires that the retailer be given an incentive to increase his order Model and analysis 采用的是一个供应商一个零售商的模型,单一销售季节,面临的是不确定性的需求,零售商在决定最优订购量时面临着报童问题; Model and analysis 符号假定: D表示需求,为连续型的随机变量; F为需求的分布函数,假定F可微且是严格递增的; f为需求的密度函数; u=E(D);零售价格为P;q零售商向供应商的订购量; 供应商的成本为Cs,零售商的成本为Cr,记C= Cs+ Cr; Gr为零售商的商誉损失,gs为供应商的商誉损失,g=gr+gs; V为未售出商品的净残值 Model and analysis The contract that is actually adopted at the end of the negotiation process depends on the firms’ relative bargaining power In general, a firm has more power when she makes the first offer, assuming it is a ‘take-it or leave-it’ offer, or when she chooses her actions first, assuming she is committed to her action Model and analysis Let S(q) be expected sales, min(q,D), Model and analysis Model and analysis Model and analysis 令 The wholesale-price contract 符号说明: W为供应商向零售商每单位收取的价格,因此 The wholesale-price contract The wholesale-price contract The wholesale-price contract the problem of ‘double marginalization’ in this serial supply chain there is coordination failure because there are two margins and neither firm considers the entire supply chain’s margin when making a decision The wholesale-price contract 零售商的最优订购量满足 The wholesale-price contract 评价契约的两个指标: 契约的效率 供应商所占的利润比例 The wholesale-price contract 零售商的利润代表的是对其承担风险的补偿,在批发价格契约的条件下由零售商承担了所有的风险损失; Anupiki等将批发价格契约扩展到了具有相同的无限连续

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