第三讲英汉思维、文化及语言比较-公开课件.pptVIP

Lecture Five;Similarities ;1.2 Same or similar reference of the concept expressed by a word(equivalence in meaning) proper names: PRC, The Atlantic common words: helicopter, dog, sky, breakfast 2. Syntax 2.1 Similar sentence elements subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial, complement 2.2 Similar basic sentence pattern SV/SVO/SVOC;Differneces; reasoning and problem solving by providing a way to represent complex thoughts, it has sometimes been proposed that linguistic systems might have a considerably more fundamental effect on cognition. Indeed, it has been suggested that the particular language people speak shapes the wat in which they think and perceive the world. ;Sapir: Human beings… are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society… the ‘real world’ is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the language habits of the group. (1929) ;Whorf: We dissect（仔细分析） nature along lines laid down by our native language. The categories and types that we isolate the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic（千变万化） flux（波动，变迁） of impressions which has to be organized by our minds—this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds. ;The hypothesis is Sopported by: ●cross-linguistic differences in vocabulary ●variation in the type of grammatical contrasts a language encodes ;申小龙: 英语是一种物理空间体(The English language is a continuous body of PHYSICAL space) 汉语是一种心理时间流(Chinese is a flow of MENTAL time) Major differences 1)English: parataxis-并列; Chinese: hypotaxis-从属 (英语重形合，汉语重意合） Hypotaxis：the dependent or subordinate relationship of clauses with connectives.(AHD) Or subordinate status of clause (Encarta) e.g. I will go when I am ready. ;Parataxis: the placing of propositions or clauses one after another, without indicating by connecting words the relation (of coordination or subordi