微生物及生物工程实验室工作指南(精).docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 微生物及生物工程实验室工作指南 Working Instructions for the Laboratories of Microbiology and Bioengineering 实验室危险品 Dangers in Laboratory 在实验室中工作有很多危险，首先是由于工作者需要接触危险的化学制剂或溶剂，包括： For the working in the laboratory there are many dangers. In one point because of working with dangerous chemicals or solutions, which are： 易爆炸物质 Explosive (E) 强氧化性物质 Oxidising (O) 腐蚀性物质 Corrosive (C) 放射性或强放射性物质 Flammable (F) or highly flammable (F+) 易挥发，易燃或极易燃的物质即使在低浓度也容易爆炸或燃烧 Volatile, inflammable or highly inflammable substances are also at low concentrations very explosive or deflagrative. 危险品还包括： Dangerous substances also can be: 有害健康的物质，有毒物质，毒性极强物质 Harmful to health (Xn), toxic (T) or very toxic(T+) 刺激性物质 Irritant (Xi) 致癌物质，影响生育能力的物质以及可能引起基因突变的物质，或在特定条件下危害健康 Carcinogenic, dangerous for fertility, mutatic for genotype or in an other case cronically harmful. 当这些物质泄漏后，它们可能 When the substance will be released in the environment, they can be: 污染环境 Dangerous for the environment (N) 对于任何接触危险品的操作，必须遵守如下规定： For every activity with dangerous substances you have to observe this rules： 基本规定 Basic rules 1.1 在使用危险品前，必须了解其属于哪类危险品。 Before you start the work with a dangerous substance, you have to look at of which kind of risk group the substance belongs to. 非常重要和必须遵守的是R-规则（非常危险）和S-规则 （安全建议）。 Very important and obligate are the R-rules (specific risk) and the S-rules (advice for safety) for the substance. 不要把危险品放入盛食品或饮料的容器中。 Do not put dangerous substances into food or drinking containers. 1.3 有毒或者毒性很大的物质应放在带锁的柜子中，只有一个非常负责的人有钥匙。 Toxic and very toxic substances are set in the specific locker. Only a competently person has the key. 1.4 易燃或极易燃的液体物质应低温储存，可以放置于有防护功能的冰箱中。 Flammable and highly flammable liquids, which have to store cool, you can only keep at freezer, which are protected for explosion. 1.5 在每一个瓶子，烧瓶及其他容器上，都应标注所盛物质及危险标记。当使用非常大的瓶子时，应同时标记其属于R-/S- 规则。 On every bottle, flask and so on you use, you have to write down the name of the substance and the dang