牛顿环实验报告(英文版).doc

Newton’s Rings (Caution: the report still have some mistakes inevitably.) Purpose of the experiment Applying Newton’s rings to observe the phenomenon of equal thickness interference with reflected light and transmitted light respectively, then analyze the physical principles. Get familiar with image processing and learn to use software concerned, such as Image J and Visio. Analyze reasons for different patterns resulted from different light sources. Apparatus Sodium lamp (with a central wavelength of 589.3nm) Other illuminant (purple, white and red leaser) Newton’s rings Imaging lens Frosted glass screen Camera (CCD) Rulers used for calibration (smallest tick interval is 0.1mm) Computer Principles of the experiment Background Newton’s rings is named after? \o Isaac Newton Isaac Newton, who first studied them in 1717. When viewed with? \o Monochrome monochromatic light, Newtons rings appear as a series of concentric, alternating bright and dark rings centered at the point of contact between the two surfaces. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric-ring pattern of rainbow colors, because the different? \o Wavelength wavelengths?of light interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces. Principle of Newton’s rings Newton’s ring is composed of a segment of large-radius convex lens with its convex side to a glass plane (Fig.3.b.(a)). The light source is usually monochromatic light. Because of the gap between the plane lens and the convex lens, the reflected ray and the incident ray will have optical? path? difference. As a result the two rays will interfere with each other. The whole process is called equal? thickness? interference, which is one type of film interference. When two beams interfere with each other, there will be a superposition of waves due to the characterization of light waves. If the optical? path? difference Δs is integral multiple of the wavelength λ, i.e., the superposition will cause the maximum a