牛津译林-模块七第三单元-语法-M7U3-Grammar-and-usage.ppt

Tip 3: 常用助动词be, have 和do 的使用。 be, have和do都有以下用法: 1) be/have/do + not，构成______。 I haven’t been to Hongkong so far. It isn’t my fault. 否定 2) be/have/do+主语 ，构成_____________。 Have you got full understanding of the point? Is it a good idea to go hiking on weekends? 疑问 或倒装 c. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Never did I hear of such a thing. d. Not only have the medicine saved many people’s lives, but also start revolution in medicine. 助动词be的用法： 1) be +现在分词，构成___________。 a. 他们正在开会。 b. 英语现在越来越重要。 2) be + 过去分词，构成__________。 a. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 b. 世界各地都教英语。 进行时态 被动语态 They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important now. The window is/was broken by Tom. English is taught around the world. 3)be + 动词不定式，构成_________： 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。 a. 他下周要去纽约。 ? b. 我们要教新生。 将来时态 He is to go to New York next week. We are to teach the fresh people. 助动词have的用法: 1) have +过去分词，构成__________。如： a. 他已去了伦敦。 b. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。 完成时态 He has gone to London. By the end of last month, they had finished half of the work. 2) have + been +现在分词，构成_____________. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 I have been studying English for ten years. 完成进行时态 3) have + been +过去分词，构成______________。 中国教英语已经多年。 English has been taught in China for many years. 完成时被动态 助动词do 的用法: 1) 构成否定祈使句。 不要这么心不在焉。 说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。 2)放在动词原形前, 表_______。 a. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 Do come to my birthday party. b. 我确实去那儿了。 强调 Dont be so absent-minded. I did go there. 3)用作代动词，例如： — Do you like Beijing? — Yes, I do. (do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.) 他知道如何开车，对吧？ He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he? ★Do you like college life? ★ Did you study English before you came here? ★ I do not like him. ★ Do call me tomorrow. ★He did know that. What’s the function of “do/did”? 构成疑问句 构成疑问句 构成否定句 构成强调结构 构成强调结构 助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句，以及强调结构。 小试牛刀 Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have This coastal area ____ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names ---