经典法律篇章翻译.docVIP

篇章一 Legal and Judicial Reform in China and Bank Assistance 中国的法律和司法改革及银行援助 Over the last decade, China has been creating a framework of laws, regulations and related institutions necessary for the transition to a market economy. Some legislation enacted earlier in the reform period are now being revised to reflect experience (e g, laws on companies, lawyers and bankruptcy) and to comply with WTO requirements. 过去的十年间，中国创建立起一个向市场经济转型的十分重要的框架，该框架由法律、法规及相关机构组成。一些在改革阶段初期颁布的法律（如公司法、律师法及破产法）现在正被修订以反映经验以符合世贸组织的要求。 Difficulties in implementing the new legal framework have underlined the need for institutional reforms, e g, the increased role of the court system in resolving disputes, and the conversion of the legal profession from government offices to private practitioners. Judicial reform was recognized at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Despite certain progress, major reforms are still needed to address such daunting problems as local protectionism, weak enforcement of judgments and interference with judicial independence, and these reforms will require deeper structural reforms outside the court system. 在实施新的法律框架中遇到的困难凸显了机构改革的必要性，例如法院系统在解决争端上的作用日益增强、从政府官员到私人律师的职业转换。司法改革开始于1997年的第15届党代会。尽管取得了一定的进展，但仍需要进行大的改革以解决一些艰巨的问题，比如地方保护主义、判决难以执行以及对司法独立的干预。这些改革需要在法院系统之外进行更深层次的结构改革。 The Bank has directly supported the gradual development of Chinas national economic laws and regulations and strengthening of key legal institutions through an ongoing technical assistance project, the Economic Law Reform Project (ELRP), which has supported the drafting of about 50 laws and regulations, training at 4 legal educational institutions, as well as institutional development at the National People’s Congress, the State Council, the Ministry of Justice, and now the Supreme Court. 中国经济方面的法律法规的逐步完善以及通过经济法改革工程这一持续的技术支持对主要法律机构的强化得到了银行业的直接支持。50部法律法规的起草、在4个司法教育机构的培训以及机构（全国人大、国务院、司法部及最高人民法院）发展都得到了支持。 Bank support during the CAS period would primarily focus on legislative drafting of strategical