语境就是因话语或行为发生而创造出来的客观或虚拟情景.PPT

Context Theory and Teaching Practice By Shen Panyang Nov.16, 2016 Part One: Introduction 语境理论对于商务英语教学具有重要指导意义，很多教学方法如：情景法、交际法、浸入法，都可以从中找到理论高度上的根据和诠释，同时也为这门学科的发展奠定了坚实基础。这里我们从语境的意义、分类、顺应和创造这四个角度考察商务英语，可以取得秉烛观洞的探微效果，更好地发挥理论对于实践的指导作用。 Example 1: Suppose you are bargaining with someone about a price, what will you say and how will you express yourself ? Example 2: How will you make a proposal at a meeting ? If you disagree with someone, what will you say ? (against a background) Example 3: --- How do you like the quality of our jeans ? --- Fairly good. --- Why don’t you place order right now ? --- I am thinking about the price. --- Let me know your decision as soon as possible. (communication) Example 4: A Presentation A saying goes that money is not omnipotent but without it nothing can be done. I think it fairly true, because it is the grease of business in modern society. Some say it is hard to make money, while some say it is easy. As far as I am concerned, it is neither that hard nor so easy, as it totally depends on how you make it. If one works hard, there is no problem for him to have a good life. However, if one is lazy, it is definitely impossible for him to support himself. Do you agree with me? (immersion) Hymes将情景语境细化为场景、角色、功能、意念、语体、重音、语调、语法、词汇和语言辅助手段，同时也提示教师可用来创造课堂气氛应注意的环节和可利用的手段。“一个丰富的课堂才能带给学生心灵的自由飞翔，才能唤起学生创造的冲动，才能激发学生分享的内在需要。”（肖川 2005）可以说每位教师在上每一节课的时候，都在自觉不自觉地的创造语境，把这种创造变成一种有意识、有目的、有步骤的行为应该成为教师的自觉实践。 Part 2: What Is Context ？ 那么什么是语境呢？“人类都本能的意识到使用语言离不开一定的客观条件和背景，因此都自然的感到语境的存在，但对于语境究竟包含那些范畴，却难以作具体的文