第2课-晶体结构2教学课件.ppt

Space group diagrams for space group No 74, P4: (a) symmetry elements; (b) positions of motif generated by symmetry operations; (c) asymmetric Unit。 A space group is generally represented by two figures, one that shows the effect of the operation of the symmetry elements present and one that shows the location of the various symmetry elements. In some space groups, it is possible to choose between several different origins for the diagrams, in which case both alternatives are presented. This is not unique, and several alternative asymmetric units can be found for a unit cell, but it is clear that rotation or inversion axes must always lie at points on the boundary of the asymmetric unit. The conventional asymmetric unit for the space group P4 is indicated in Figure 5.2c. The extension of the asymmetric unit is one unit cell in height, so that it is defined by the relations 0x1/2; 0y1/2; 0z1. * Z, the number of Cs3P7 units * The structure of Cs3P7: (a) unit cell projected down the c-axis, atoms Cs1, Cs2, Cs3 only; (b) unit cell projected down the a-axis, atomsCs1,Cs2,Cs3 only; (c) perspective viewof unit cell, atomsCs1,Cs2,Cs3 only; (d) unit cell projected down the c-axis, with all 12 Cs atoms present; (e) unit cell projected down the c-axis, with all atoms present * Crystals often contain planar boundaries which separate two parts of a crystal that are not in perfect register. Vectors are used to define the displacement of one part with respect to the other. For example, a fault involving the displacement of one part of a crystal of fluorite, CaF2, by ?? of the unit cell edge, i.e. R ??? [010] with respect to the other part1, is drawn in (Figure 2.19b). * Because it is a redundant index, the value of i is sometimes replaced by a dot, to give indices (hk.l). * T=-(U+V)是附加的条件，这样从面内二轴转变为面内三轴的坐标系，指数变化才唯一。 * 用六角坐标系计算比较简单，而且以前很多菱面体用六角坐标系来整理的。 晶格常数的换算，AH和aR比较好推出，其它公式由这两个再推出。 * 二、晶体结构-2（Crystal Structure） * 11. 空间群（ Space group） 14个布拉菲格子 （Bravais space） 32个点群 （point group