矩形机率分配.ppt

第六章 連續機率分配 Continuous Probability Distributions Consider the random variable x representing the flight time of an airplane traveling from Chicago to New York. Suppose the flight time can be any value in the interval from 120 minutes to 140 minutes. Let us assume that sufficient actual flight data are available to conclude that the probability of a flight time with every 1-minute interval being equally likely. f (x)= 特性： 隨機變數在任何區間的機率皆相同 Uniform Probability Density Function We talk about the probability of the random variable assuming a value within some given interval instead of a particular value. The probability of the random variable assuming a value within some given interval from x1 to x2 is defined to be the area under the graph of the probability density function between x1 and x2 . The probability of a continuous random variable assuming any particular value exactly is zero. The Expected Value and Variance of Uniform Continuous Probability Normal Curve → bell-shaped 鐘型分配(左右對稱) Normal Probability Density Function The characteristics of the normal distribution 1. The entire family of normal distribution is differentiated by its mean μ and its standard deviation σ. 不同平均數及標準差形成不同常態分配 2. The highest point on the normal curve is at the mean ,which is also the median and mode of the distribution. 最高點為平均數，平均數等於中位數等於眾數 4.The normal distribution is symmetric ,with the shape of the curve to the left of the mean a mirror image of the shape of the curve to the right of the mean. The tail of the curve extend to infinity in both directions and theoretically never touch the horizontal axis. Because it is symmetric ,the normal distribution is not skewed ;its skewness measure is zero. 是對稱分配，以平均數為對稱中心 5. The standard deviation determines how flat and wide the curve is. Larger values of the standard deviation result in wider ,flatter curves , showing more variability in the data. 標準差較大則曲線較寬，資料較分散 Sta