西双版纳热教材带雨林环境变化对蝗虫区系成分和物种多样性的影响.pdfVIP

生物多样性 　第 6 卷 ,第 2 期 ,1998 年 5 月 CHIN ESE BIODIV ERSIT Y　6 (2) :122～131 , May , 1998 西双版纳热带雨林环境变化 对蝗虫区系成分和物种多样性的影响 黄春梅 　杨龙龙 ( 中国科学院动物研究所, 　北京　100080) 摘 　要 　西双版纳地区已经记录蝗总科 6 科 48 属 79 种。其中 86. 1 %的种类是东洋区成分 ,包括 22 个 特有种 ,其余 13. 9 %为广布种。随着雨林的垦伐和生境的变化 ,物种成分正在发生明显的变化。不仅 物种数量逐渐下降 ,而且东洋区物种成分减少 ,广布种成分增加 ,特有的物种也因生境的单调化而减少 甚至消失。多样性指数和均匀度指数沿着雨林 —灌丛 —农田 —橡胶林生境梯度的变化呈显著下降的趋 势。龙山部分地保持了雨林生境的特征 ,但是对保持蝗虫物种多样性方面的作用很有限。 关键词 　蝗虫 ,区系 ,多样性 ,西双版纳 Influences of habitat changes in the tropical rainforest on the fauna and species diversity of Acridoidea in Xishuangbanna/ HUANG ChunMei , YANGLongLong Abstract 　Hitherto , six families , 48 genera and 79 species of Acridoidea have been recorded in the tropical re gion of Xishuangbanna. Of them , 68 species accounting for 86. 1 % of the total species are oriental , including 22 endemic species. The other 11 species are widely distributed. As the destruction of the tropical forest , cul tivation of crops and other plants of economical importance , habitats with tropical rainforest characters have been changing in this area. The fauna and the species diversity of Acridoidea are influenced. The number of species is gradually reducing. The ratio of the oriental species decreases and that of widelydistributed species increases. Some endemic species decline or even extinct because of the environmental change. The diversity analysis showed that species diversity index and evenness index of Acridoidea will significantly decrease from 1. 240 to 0. 761 and from o. 887 to 0. 585 respectively along the rainforest —bush —farmland —rubber trees