Lecture+5+英汉动静态差异与语态转换.ppt

我被老师叫到办公室去作检讨。＝我被老师叫＋我到办公室去＋我作检讨，被字式与连动式套叠 I was called to the office by the teacher to make a self-criticism. 我去叫他们派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算帐吧。＝我去叫他们＋他们派一个会计＋一个会计到这儿来帮助你算帐，兼语式与连动式套叠 Let me go and ask them to send an accountant here to help you with your accounts. 2．动词（词组）可以充当汉语句子的各种成分 汉语动词及动词词组，包括连动式词组、兼语式词组，无需改变形式就可以充当句子的各种成分。如此一来，汉语句子就显得到处都有动词了： 实现理想境界要靠辛勤劳动。（动词词组作主语、宾语） To translate ideals into reality needs hard work. 解决文体的最好方法是进行调查研究。（动词词组作定语、表语） The best way to solve the problem is to conduct investigations. 他不停地来回走着，激动地说不出话来。（动词词组作状语、补语） He kept o walking back and forth, being too excited to say a single word. 革命不是请客吃饭。（兼语式词组作表语） Revolution is not a dinner party. 他们喜欢乘火车旅行。（连动式词组作宾语） They enjoy traveling by train. 3. 汉语动词常常重复或重叠 汉语动词的重复或重叠，以及与此相关的句式排比或对偶，可以明显地加强汉语动态感的表现力。英语动词一般不能重叠，也较少重复，甚至常常在需要重复的地方省略。相比之下，汉语动词出现的频率就更高了。 来的来，去的去。 Some come here and others go away. 说是的说是，说非的说非，莫衷一是。Some say “yes” and others “no”；I don’t know whom to follow. 说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快！ Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time. 要吃有吃，要穿有穿。 You will have enough to eat and sufficient to put on. 说是说了，没有结果；做是做了，没有成功。 I have made proposals, but in vain; I have made attempts, but without success. 念死书念出来的学问是没有多大用处的。 Learning by rote will be unprofitable. 学问，学问，要学要问；边学边问，才有学问。Acquisition of knowledge entails learning and seeking for explanation. 1. 名词转译为动词 Nouns derived from verbs. 1) The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. 因此，对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲，培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式，乃是至关重要的对策。 2) Yet to both types of people the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. 然而，对所有这两种类型的人来说，变换一下看法、改变一下环境和转换一下注意力都是最基本的需要。 四、英译汉：静转动 3）My admiration for him grew with the passage of time. 随着时间的推移，我越来越敬重他。 4）An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 熟悉一些世界史有助于学习时事。 5）His very appearance of any affair proclaims i