电炉炼钢英语词汇.pptVIP

Steelmaking, Part II: EAF process Contents Introduction Configuration of the EAF Typical EAF steelmaking process Raw materials Description of the EAF steelmaking process New technologies Introduction Over the past 20 years the use of the electric arc furnace (EAF) for the production of steel has grown considerably. Many reasons (product cost and technology development) : - The capital cost per ton of annual installed capacity generally runs in the range of $140–200/ton for an EAF based operation. For a similar blast furnace– BOF based operation the cost is approximately $1000 per annual ton of installed capacity. - Residual elements levels in the steel and dissolved gases in the steel (nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen). Crude steel production by process for the World from 1970 to 1996. Source: International Iron and Steel Institute. Configuration of the EAF EAF is composed of several components (as shown in the Figure): - Shell - Refractories - Electrode - Taphole - Roof etc. Schematic of a typical AC electric arc furnace Typical EAF steelmaking process A typical 60 minute tap-to-tap cycle is : (1)first charge 3 minutes (2)first meltdown 20 minutes (3)second charge 3 minutes (4)second meltdown 14 minutes (5)refining 10 minutes (6)tapping 3 minutes (7)turnaround 7 minutes Total 60 minutes The electric arc furnace operates as a batch process. Each batch of steel that is produced is known as a heat. The electric arc furnace operating cycle is known as the tap-to-tap cycle. The tap-to-tap cycle is made up of the following operations: furnace charging, melting, refining, de-slagging, tapping and furnace turnaround. Modern operations aim for a tap-to-tap cycle of less than 60 minutes. With the advance of EAF steelmaking into the flat products arena, tap-to-tap times of 35–40 minutes are now being sought with twin shell furnace operations. Raw Materials The main raw material for EAF steelmaking is steel scrap. P