福利国家 与社会保障.ppt

参考文献 H. Wilensky [1975] The Welfare State and Equality, Berkeley: University of California Press. T. H. Marshall [1950] Citizenship and Social Class, Cambridge University Press. Christopher Pierson[1998] Beyond the Welfare State? The New Economy of Welfare. R. M. Titmuss [1974] Social Policy. An introduction, London : George Allen and Unwin, 1974. Esping-Anderson [1990] The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press. * * 1 福利国家形成论经济的要因说 Wilensky: Convergence Theory (收敛理论) H. Wilensky [1975] The Welfare State and Equality, Berkeley: University of California Press. Step 0= Theme Intention This study focuses on variations in the types, budgets, and administration of health and welfare programs and the impact of these programs on real welfare (p. xii) and is intended to open the way for more systematic sociological studies of the sources, substance, and effects of the welfare state (p, xiv). * The welfare state is one of the great structural uniformities of modern society and, paradoxically, one of its most striking diversities (p. I). Advanced industrial societies develop roughly similar types of social security programs, yet they display substantial and persistent differences in national expenditure on social welfare, in the organization of social services, in the rhetoric surrounding policy formulation, and in the results in real welfare for citizens. These variations from the general pattern prevent any easy assumption that modern societies are converging toward a common postindustrial condition. * Step1=Premise All nations must in some way protect their citizens from the risks of modern life in order to secure continued economic growth and political stability. Then, that states will provide a set of social welfare programs which insure, as a political right, that no citizen will fall below a set of minimum standards due to industrial accident, sickness, old age, a large numb