测绘专业英语试卷.docVIP

一、 词汇或短语翻译（英译汉） 1. settlement observation 沉陷观测 2. deflection observation 挠度观测 3. property line survey 建筑红线放样 4. cross-section survey 横断面测量 5. geoid undulation 大地水准面差距 或 大地水准面高 6. orthometric height 正高 7. very long baseline interferometry 甚长基线干涉测量 8. least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差 9. variance-covariance matrix 方差-协方差矩阵 10. normal distribution 正态分布 11. index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差 12. optical plummet 光学对中器 13. connecting traverse 附合导线 14. grid bearing 坐标方位角 15. zenith distance 天顶距 16. hydrographic survey 水道测量 17. Geodetic Reference System 1980 1980大地测量参考系统 二、词汇或短语翻译（汉译英） 1. 工程测量 engineering survey 2. 施工放样 construction layout or setting-out survey 3. 竣工测量 as-built survey 4. 大地高 geodetic survey 5. 参考椭球 reference ellipsoid 参考椭球 6. 卫星激光测距 satellite laser ranging(SLR) 7. 重力场 gravity field 8. 测量平差 adjustment of observation or survey adjustment 9. 多余观测 redundant observation 10. 点位中误差 mean square error of a point 11. 粗差检验 gross error detection 12. 自动目标识别 automatic target recognition(ATR) 13. 几何水准测量 direct leveling or spirit leveling 14. 水准尺 level lod 15. 平面控制网 horizontal control network 16. 控制测量 control survey 17. 地籍测量 cadastral surveying or property survey 三、句子翻译（英译汉） 1. Surveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships. 测量是测定地面上各点的相对位置，以便根据它们之间正确的水平或竖直关系，按比例展示出天然地物和人工地物的一种技术。 2. The ordinary procedure in determining elevations, such as balancing backsight and foresight distance in differential leveling, automatically takes into account the curvature of the earth and compensates for earth curvature and refraction, and elevations referred to the curved surface of reference are secured without extra effort by the surveyor. 在进行高程测量的一般程序中，比如水准测量中保持前后视距相等，自动考虑和补偿了地球曲率和大气折光的影响，基于曲面得到的高程仍然是可靠的，不需要测量员对数据进行进一步的处理。 3. The type of surveying that takes that takes into account the tru