非谓语动词的用法详解.docVIP

第 PAGE 7 页 共 NUMPAGES 8 页 非谓语动词 非谓语动词有3种：不定式，动名词和分词。 不 定 式 不定式由 “to do”构成，其否定式 “not to do”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语， 没有人称和数的变化，但有语态的变化，不定式可作主，宾，定，状，补，表，不能单独作谓语。 一. 不定式的用法 1 作主语 To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2 作表语 My job is to teach English. 3 作宾语 He wanted to go. I find it hard to work with him. 常见用不定式作宾语的动词: want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up one’s mind, be determined 4 作补语 He asked me to open the door. 常见用不定式作宾补的动词: advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, consider practice: * 在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中， 不定式不带to， 但这些句子变成 被动结构时， 就必须带to I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 5 作定语 He is looking for a room to live in. There’s nothing to worry about. 不定式作定语的用法： 6 作状语 I came here to see you. (表目的) in order to / so as to We were excited to hear the news. （表原因） He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.（表结果 7 疑问词+不定式，在句中起名词作用，可作主，宾，表 He didn’t know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start. 8 作插入语 To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin /start with to make matters worse to be brief 二 不定式的时态，语态 1 一般式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生 He pretended not to know me when I met him in the street. 2 进行式：表示动作发生时，不定式动作正在发生 He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom. 3 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year. 主 动 被 动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done The flowers n