土木工程专业英语教程 教学课件 ppt 作者 姜晨光 主编第6章 交通工程学.pptVIP

6 Transportation Engineering（交通工程学） 6.1 Introduction Transportation has been one of the essential components of the civil engineering profession since its early days. The building of roads, bridges, tunnels, canals, railroads, ports, and harbors from time immemorial has shaped the profession and defined much of its public image. As the cities grew, civil engineers became involved in developing, building, and operating transit facilities, including street railways and elevated and underground systems. The role of civil engineers as the vanguard of growth and development through the provision of transportation infrastructure to accommodate a growing population and economy was never more prominent than in the U.S. around the late 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. Transcontinental railroads, national highways, canals, and major urban transit systems are testimonials to the achievement of civil engineers. Rapid urbanization and motorization challenged the civil engineers not only to serve as developers and builders of transportation facilities, but also to plan and operate such facilities. This challenge gave rise to the art and science of transportation planning, traffic engineering, and facility management. At the beginning of the 21st century, transportation engineering has evolved into a mature subdiscipline within civil engineering with clear functions of planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of multimodal systems for the transportation of people and goods. This subdiscipline has greatly expanded the civil engineering field to areas such as economics and financing, operations research, and management. With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems in recent years, the transportation engineering profession has also started to make increasing use of information and communication technologies. Transportation engineering, as practiced by civil engineers, primarily involves facilities to support air, highway, ra