苏格拉底介绍.pptxVIP

;;Background;时代背景;;;Brief introduction;柏拉图;Socratic problem;;Socrates Thoughts; All our information about him is second-hand and most of it vigorously disputed, but his trial and death at the hands of the Athenian democracy is nevertheless the founding myth of the academic discipline of philosophy, and his influence has been felt far beyond philosophy itself, and in every age. ;Philosophical Beliefs;? People?need?to?emphasis?logos?and? deny?the?absolute?authority. ?People?should?understand?oneself. ? Virtue?is?knowledge. ? The?free?of?thought?is?important.;Socratic Wisdom;Socrates’ virtue; The idea that there are certain virtues formed a common thread in Socrates teachings. These virtues represented the most important qualities for a person to have, foremost of which were the philosophical or intellectual virtues. Socrates stressed that the unexamined life is not worth living and ethical virtue is the only thing that matters.;Socratic paradoxes;No one desires evil. ? No one errs or does wrong willingly or knowingly. ? Virtue—all virtue—is knowledge. ? Virtue is sufficient for happiness. ;Comparison of Educational Thoughts between Confucius and Socrates;Comparison on living background Comparison on teaching aims Comparison on teaching objects Comparison on teaching contents Comparison on teaching methods ;Comparison on living background;Comparison on teaching aims;Comparison on teaching objects;Comparison on teaching objects;Comparison on teaching contents;Comparison on teaching contents;Comparison on teaching methods;Comparison on teaching methods; 有一天，子路对孔子说：“先生所教的仁义之道，真是令人向往！我所听到的这些道理，应该马上去实行吗？”孔子说：“你有父亲兄长在，你怎么能听到这些道理就去实行呢！”过了一会儿，冉有也来问同样的问题，孔子却说：“应该听到后就去实行。”这时，站在一边的公西华被弄糊涂了，不由得问孔子原故。 孔子说：“冉有为人懦弱，所以要激励他的勇气；子路武勇过人，所以要中和他的暴性。” ;Comparison on teaching methods;;;;柏拉图说过：过去和现在都不会有柏拉图写的著作，现在以他署名的作品都属于苏格拉底，被美化与恢复本来面目的苏格拉底。这些话都可以反映出苏格拉底对他的影响之深。从苏格拉底那里他学到了研究从心灵入手来认识外部世界的基本原则，学到了反对智者相对主义和怀疑主义诡辩的基本立场，也学到了以普遍定义为认识目标的对话方法。他不但继承了苏格拉底的思想而且还在深刻理解运用的基础上发展了苏格拉底的观点。他的理