清华大学建筑学院_关于中国城市化的一些思考.ppt

Several families live in one courtyard house at present,and they are not owners of the house. 一个四合院住了多个家庭，而居住者并没有产权，即房子不是他自己的。所以他没有权利改建原有的已经破旧的房子，而且随着家庭人口的增加和变化（例如孩子长大要结婚），需要扩大住房面积，于是，就在院子里私搭乱建简易棚，造成四合院拥挤不堪。 Population growth and housing requirement in courtyard houses . Original owner lost his control and treatment of his courtyard house . 原有的房产主，失去了对房子的处置权，他不能把住在属于他的四合院中的人（大多数是低收入者）驱赶出去，也收不到房租。当然，他也不会去修缮房子和改善基础设施。 于是，北京在旧城居住区改造过程中，就需要面对两种人： 一种是现有居住者，要改善他们的居住条件，必须降低居住密度，要把他们（或一部分）迁移出去，这就需要新建一批安置拆迁户的住宅，并考虑搬迁户离开原有住地后的就业问题。而安置拆迁户的资金从何而来，这又是一个大问题。 另一种人是原有的房产主，当这个四合院要拆除（或改造）时，他就会出来要求他的权利，要求归还给他，要求拆除补偿。旧房子本身值不了多少钱，但因为这些房子地处旧城中心地区，土地价格很高。但是，1982年的宪法规定：城市土地全部归国家所有，即私人没有土地所有权，但可以有使用权。问题是，私人的土地使用权是否应该得到宪法保护？政府征用是否需要得到使用者的同意？ May we maintain historical and old residential areas in Beijing ? May we keep the lifestyle of old Beijing?－－四合院的保护问题 Two goals of our work on renewal of courtyard houses: To improve living condition of the people who live in here. To preserve the courtyard houses and hutong fabric and historic contact. If we want to improve living condition and do not move people out, we must pull down the existent old buildings and build new multi-floor apartments which can offer more building area. Then, we are very difficult to keep the historic contact. We will fail to the preservation goal. If we want to improve living condition for the people and also success on preservation, we must move some part of people to new apartments which are built in suburban area. And we must offer new jobs for these people who leave original place in inner city. But this is a very difficult problem. Organic Renewal of Residential Area in the inner City of Beijing Ju Er Hutong, new courtyard houses 1987~1990. All the original people did not be moved away and return to the three-floor new courtyard houses . At that time there was no any concept of land value and real estate in China. ? Shimai Consulting 2004 ? Shimai Consulting 2004 关于中国城市化的一些思考 秦佑国 清华大学建筑学院 目录 “人多地少”国